Summary: Partitioning

From: Makhlooq <makhlooq_at_batelco.com.bh>
Date: Thu Mar 20 2003 - 20:52:27 EST
Attached are all the replies I received.


Hussain Makhlooq
STO System Team
Ext: +973-883063
Fax: +973-9103063
Mobile: +973-9685646
E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 10:42:55 -0800 (PST)
From: David Foster <foster@dim.ucsd.edu>
Reply-To: David Foster <foster@dim.ucsd.edu>
Subject: Re: SUMMARY: Partitioning
To: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
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Please read this list's charter before using it again.

A summary is supposed to contain your question plus the
answers you received, PLUS your resolution of your problem.

No need to send a thank-you to thousands of admins the world
over who already have too much spam in their mailbox.

Dave Foster

> Dear all,
> 
> I would like to thanks those who sent their kind answers....
> 
> 
> Hussain Makhlooq
> STO System Team
> Ext: +973-883063
> Fax: +973-9103063
> Mobile: +973-9685646
> E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
> _______________________________________________
> sunmanagers mailing list
> sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers


   << All opinions expressed are mine, not the University's >>

  =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
   David Foster    National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research
    Programmer/Analyst     University of California, San Diego
    dfoster@ucsd.edu       Department of Neuroscience, Mail 0608
    (858) 534-7968         http://ncmir.ucsd.edu/
  =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

   "The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one
   persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.  Therefore, all progress
   depends on the unreasonable."   -- George Bernard Shaw
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From: Dylan Northrup <northrup@loudcloud.com>
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To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: Re: SUMMARY: Partitioning
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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003, Makhlooq wrote:

:=Dear all,
:=
:=I would like to thanks those who sent their kind answers....

It's considered good form for a requester to reply to the list with a
summary of the answers they recieved from the kind folks.  If you could post
back with the question you asked and the responses that assisted you in
resolving the problem, you would be following the proper ettiquette of the
list.

-- 
Dylan Northrup
northrup@loudcloud.com
Unix System Administrator
EDS Automated Operations
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From: "Homan, Charles (NE)" <Charles.Homan@GDC4S.Com>
Subject: RE: SUMMARY: Partitioning
To: 'Makhlooq' <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
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Um, there seems to be no summary in your summary.  Please send another
summary to the list containing:

1) A re-statement of the problem
2) The fix that worked
3) The names of those who helped you

By doing this you can save someone else from trying to figure out the same
thing you just did.  Helping each other is the point of this list, after
all...

Thanks!
/charles

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh]
> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 11:33 AM
> To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> Subject: SUMMARY: Partitioning
> 
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> I would like to thanks those who sent their kind answers....
> 
> 
> Hussain Makhlooq
> STO System Team
> Ext: +973-883063
> Fax: +973-9103063
> Mobile: +973-9685646
> E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
> _______________________________________________
> sunmanagers mailing list
> sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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Date: 18 Mar 2003 12:39:15 -0500
Message-ID: <20030318173915.20044.qmail@kev.nowhere.usa>
From: "Karl Vogel" <vogelke@pobox.com>
To: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
In-reply-to: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
Organization: Sumaria Systems Inc.
X-Disclaimer: I don't speak for the USAF or Sumaria.
X-PGP-ID: 1024/D558F237 1999/04/06 Karl Vogel
  <vogelke@c17mis.region2.wpafb.af.mil>
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>> On Mon, 17 Mar 2003 21:43:37 +0300, 
>> "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh> said:

M> Which is the best way to partition you disk: 1- Single root
M> partition 2- multi-partition (slice)

   ON A WORKSTATION:

   I like all the operating system stuff on the same drive; no external
   drive for root, /usr, /opt, etc which was only a concern for older
   systems like Sparc-10s with 424-Mbyte drives.  I used to like separate
   partitions, for the following reasons:

   * old habit
   * minimize the effects of any possible filesystem corruption
   * minimize backup/restore time and space requirements

   If you have one big partition, you lose the filesystem information,
   and fsck can't get it back for some reason, then you're hosed.
   You restore from backups.  Having multiple partitions keeps the damage
   to a minimum; you lose a filesystem or two, but not necessarily the
   entire drive.

   On the other hand, having one big partition does make life easier
   as far as allocating space is concerned.  /usr, /var, /opt, etc can
   grow as much as needed.  Since backup tapes have been getting larger,
   it's more feasible to get incremental changes from a large drive
   all on one tape.  Drives have still been growing faster than tapes,
   so full tape backups are getting worse instead of better.

   With clean power, a good tape backup system, and a UPS, I'm less
   paranoid about losing a drive due to acts of the deity of your choice.
   My workstation setup (4-Gb internal drive with two main partitions,
   one for all O/S-related stuff, one called /space for your stuff)
   seems pretty workable.

   One disadvantage for having everything under one partition: what
   happens to your system logs when / fills up?  In particular, consider
   an intruder who has access to the system filling up /var/tmp and
   then doing things that would otherwise be logged, or for that matter
   filling up /var/tmp and denying mail service, or even a remote attacker
   sending enough mail to fill up /var/spool/mail and thus cutting off
   logging to /var/{log,adm}.

   You can format and mount partitions with options that better benefit
   their purpose (such as mounting noatime on a /tmp partition).
   Proper partitioning CAN make a big difference in performance,
   especially since the hard drive can _easily_ become the performance
   bottleneck on a server.

   ON A SERVER:

   Put the partitions on separate physical devices for better I/O
   performance.  The ideal is to have separate devices with separate
   disk drivers as well, so you don't have any resource contention.

   Our E450 server (10 18-Gb drives, 3 I/O controllers) has this setup:

    Filesystem           1M-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
    /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0         1604       909       648  59% /
    /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0         2008      1304       664  67% /opt
    /dev/dsk/c2t1d0s5          827         2       809   1% /spool
    swap                      2759         3      2756   1% /tmp
    /dev/dsk/c2t0d0s0         2008       817      1151  42% /usr
    /dev/dsk/c3t0d0s0          483        38       435   8% /var/log
    swap                      2756         1      2756   1% /var/run

   Crucial stuff is on separate drives, spread over the I/O controllers.
   /var/mail is a symlink to /spool/mail, and /var/log has its own drive.

   Don't jam all your swap space on one drive; I think Solaris still gets
   snotty about swap partitions greater than 2 Gb.  We put three 1-Gb swap
   partitions on three separate drives, one drive on each I/O controller.

   I would have put /var on a separate drive, but my system got upset
   when I tried.  Putting /usr on a separate drive was a little tricky;
   if you don't either fix LD_LIBRARY_PATH or have statically-compiled
   binaries lying around, moving /usr instantly loses mv, ls, rm, etc.
   because it depends on /usr/lib/libc.so.  That's why I now have these
   static binaries (from GNU fileutils v4.1) under /sbin just in case:

    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      254400 Jul 24  2001 chmod*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      273552 Jul 24  2001 cp*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      266524 Jul 24  2001 dd*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      271488 Jul 24  2001 df*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      271952 Jul 24  2001 du*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      258540 Jul 24  2001 ln*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      261008 Jul 24  2001 mkdir*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      250168 Jul 24  2001 mkfifo*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      253532 Jul 24  2001 mknod*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      288384 Jul 24  2001 mv*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      269840 Jul 24  2001 rm*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      246852 Jul 24  2001 rmdir*
    -rwxr-xr-x   1 root     other      261052 Jul 24  2001 touch*
    
-- 
Karl Vogel                      I don't speak for the USAF or my company
vogelke_at_pobox.com                          http://www.pobox.com/~vogelke

It was a death trap on the highway-you could never go fast enough.
The chances were good that you'd be hit from the rear.
      --a VW Bus owner, on "Car Talk's 10 worst cars of the millennium"
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 16:28:41 -0500
From: "Homan, Charles (NE)" <Charles.Homan@GDC4S.Com>
Subject: RE: Partitioning
To: 'Makhlooq' <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
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My two cents' worth:

Single partition: the main advantage is flexibility.  That is, you have
space wherever you need it most.

Multiple partitions: the main advantage is that a runaway app is less likely
to hose your system by filling up the root or /var partition.  Also, you
could prevent group A (or app A) from using all of the space such that group
B (or app B) can no longer do anything.

Hope this helps!
/charles

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh]
> Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 1:44 PM
> To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> Subject: Partitioning
> 
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)
> 
> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each
> 
> 
> Hussain Makhlooq
> STO System Team
> Ext: +973-883063
> Fax: +973-9103063
> Mobile: +973-9685646
> E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
> _______________________________________________
> sunmanagers mailing list
> sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
In-Reply-To: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp>
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Hi Hussain,

I'm not sure if you've recieved a response already, but I'll respond to
you privately.

It is best to go with a multi-partition setup for several reasons:

/var is where log files for the system are stored. If this fills up due to
users writing large numbers of files or due to accidental copy of data,
then the system will become unstable.

/usr is where most of the general utilities are stored and where future
software tends to get installed. If this and /var were on the same slice,
it is concievable that installing an app might result in the filling up of
the filesystem and thus interfere with OS level processes.

>From a management point of view, if something were to damage your
filesystem say through a loss of power or application crash, whatever
filesystem was last being written to will need to be fsck'd. If everything
was on one filesystem, you would risk losing all of your data. The
recovery time on a large filesystem is also much greater than with several
slices.

The only real gain from a single slice filesystem is ease of installing
everything in one place without having to plan for various space usages.
\
Generally, I would setup a system in the following manner:

slice 0	swap
slice 1 /
slice 2 backup slice
slice 3 /usr
slice 4 /var
slice 5 /export/home


Ann Kurokawa
akurokawa@wtwconsulting.com

On Mon, 17 Mar 2003, Makhlooq wrote:

> Dear all,
> 
> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)
> 
> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each
> 
> 
> Hussain Makhlooq
> STO System Team
> Ext: +973-883063
> Fax: +973-9103063
> Mobile: +973-9685646
> E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
> _______________________________________________
> sunmanagers mailing list
> sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 08:57:46 -0800 (PST)
From: Rich Teer <rich.teer@rite-group.com>
X-X-Sender: rich@electron
To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
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On Mon, 17 Mar 2003, Makhlooq wrote:

> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)

It depends.  For a workstation with resources NFS moounted
from a server, a single root partition.  For a server, I
use a single root partition (or even better, disk) for the
OS, and store non-OS stuff like apps, data, and home dirs
on another disk or partition.

Messing about with /, /usr, /opt, etc., etc. is a waste
of time IMHO.

> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each

Kess admin overhead and less wasted disk space if you go
for one partition.  Possibly less time to restore a full
partition if you segragate it.

--
Rich Teer, SCNA

President,
Rite Online Inc.

Voice: +1 (250) 979-1638
URL: http://www.rite-online.net
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Subject: Re: Partitioning
To: "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
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You pretty much have to have at least two partitions, one for root and one
for swap. That is all I do and I don't have any problems.

Andrew





"Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>@sunmanagers.org on 03/17/2003 12:43:37
PM

Sent by:  sunmanagers-admin@sunmanagers.org


To:   <sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org>
cc:

Subject:  Partitioning


Dear all,

Which is the best way to partition you disk:
1- Single root partition
2- multi-partition (slice)

What is the advantage & disadvantage of each


Hussain Makhlooq
STO System Team
Ext: +973-883063
Fax: +973-9103063
Mobile: +973-9685646
E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
_______________________________________________
sunmanagers mailing list
sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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From: "John Timon" <john.timon@labatt.com>
To: "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
References: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:23:42 -0500
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this is one of the few times I will reply to RTFM.

SUN has an excelent white paper on best practices for disk partitioning.
Have a look at sunsolve.sun.com

----- Original Message -----
From: "Makhlooq" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
To: <sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org>
Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 1:43 PM
Subject: Partitioning


> Dear all,
>
> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)
>
> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each
>
>
> Hussain Makhlooq
> STO System Team
> Ext: +973-883063
> Fax: +973-9103063
> Mobile: +973-9685646
> E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
> _______________________________________________
> sunmanagers mailing list
> sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 10:17:17 -0500
From: Josh Glover <jmglov@incogen.com>
To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
Message-ID: <20030318151716.GA25158@harp.incogen.com>
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Quoth Makhlooq (Mon 2003-03-17 09:43:37PM +0300):
>
> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)
>
> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each

Search the archives and/or Google. This has been discussed ad nauseum.


--
Josh Glover <jmglov@incogen.com>

Associate Systems Administrator
INCOGEN, Inc.
http://www.incogen.com/

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To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
References: <004501c2ecb5$200ace50$8e70bcc1@makhlooqn0p5cp>
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google search (web/groups) and you will find plenty of discussion about 
the topic.

short answer might be,


-multi-slices provides some security benefits of sorts for "servers" but 
implies you monitor slices to ensure they don't fill up.

-single slice is easy to setup, typically used for workstations, and can 
theoretically be a "security risk" hence not desirable for server-type 
systems. In theory.

-many people disagree / agree / have a range of opinions on this topic, 
which has evolved over time (since HDDs have evolved from 20 megs -> 200 
gigs in the course of the discussion)

great fun. Good luck.


Tim

Makhlooq wrote:
> Dear all,
> 
> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)
> 
> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each
> 
> 
> Hussain Makhlooq
> STO System Team
> Ext: +973-883063
> Fax: +973-9103063
> Mobile: +973-9685646
> E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
> _______________________________________________
> sunmanagers mailing list
> sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
Return-Path: <jKoonz@USCO.com>
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From: "Koonz, Jay" <jKoonz@USCO.com>
To: "'Makhlooq'" <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: RE: Partitioning
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 09:25:22 -0500
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For our recent server builds, 
we've gone with a large root partition (5-7gb), a seperate slice for swap,
and a third slice for 
a filesystem called /<hostname> where all the local stuff goes. That's the
only 3 on the boot disk.
I used to have seperate /usr, /var, /opt partitions but found it harder to
manage them filling up. 
Then having to increase one or the other. A single /(root) partition is
easier to manage, you just have to keep an eye on the component directory
sizes. Haven't noticed any performance problems with a single large root
partition, but these servers all have such big internal disks and enough
spare cpu horsepower, we aren't stressing them at all. 

-----Original Message-----
From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh]
Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 1:44 PM
To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
Subject: Partitioning


Dear all,

Which is the best way to partition you disk:
1- Single root partition
2- multi-partition (slice)

What is the advantage & disadvantage of each


Hussain Makhlooq
STO System Team
Ext: +973-883063
Fax: +973-9103063
Mobile: +973-9685646
E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
_______________________________________________
sunmanagers mailing list
sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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single root 
----- Original Message -----
From: Makhlooq  <makhlooq@BATELCO.COM.BH>
At:  3/18  1:50

> Dear all,
> 
> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)
> 
> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each
> 
> 
> Hussain Makhlooq
> STO System Team
> Ext: +973-883063
> Fax: +973-9103063
> Mobile: +973-9685646
> E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
> _______________________________________________
> sunmanagers mailing list
> sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
> http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
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Hello,

If there is anything writing data to local disk, user data  or 
application logging, then it is a good idea to keep that on separate 
slice(s). This makes it likely that you can login and free space if 
somthing or somone screw-up.
We are typcically running with three slices, root-slice, application 
slice and log-slice.  Somethimes four, when there is userdata on the host.

Regards,
Ole Morten Xian
 

Makhlooq wrote:

>Dear all,
>
>Which is the best way to partition you disk:
>1- Single root partition
>2- multi-partition (slice)
>
>What is the advantage & disadvantage of each
>
>
>Hussain Makhlooq
>STO System Team
>Ext: +973-883063
>Fax: +973-9103063
>Mobile: +973-9685646
>E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
>_______________________________________________
>sunmanagers mailing list
>sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
>http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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From: system administration account <sysadmin@astro.su.se>
To: Makhlooq <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: Re: Partitioning
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On 2003-03-17 21:43:37 +0300, Makhlooq wrote:
> Which is the best way to partition you disk:
> 1- Single root partition
> 2- multi-partition (slice)
> 
> What is the advantage & disadvantage of each

The main advantages of using multiple partitions are:
1) protection against disk space exhaustion. Particularly if you put
/var/tmp on its own slice.
2) backup convenience (you can apply a different backup schedule to
each partition);
3) security (especially for user-writeable slices; if /var/tmp is its
own slice, users can't create hard links to system files in other
slices).

The only real disadvantage is that you may be running out of space
when a partition fills up. But try Disksuite with soft partitions
(or any other logical volume manager).
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From: Alan Bradley - CPX WC <AlanB@ComparexAfrica.co.za>
To: 'Makhlooq' <makhlooq@batelco.com.bh>
Subject: RE: Partitioning
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 11:18:44 +0200
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Hi,

I personally would go for multiple partitions, or at the least partitions
for /var and swap /tmp.
You don't want a process to get in a loop and write out a lot of stuff to
/var or /tmp and end up filling up your root disk.

Regards,
Alan.
 

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-----Original Message-----
From: Makhlooq [mailto:makhlooq@batelco.com.bh]
Sent: Monday, March 17, 2003 8:44 PM
To: sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
Subject: Partitioning


Dear all,

Which is the best way to partition you disk:
1- Single root partition
2- multi-partition (slice)

What is the advantage & disadvantage of each


Hussain Makhlooq
STO System Team
Ext: +973-883063
Fax: +973-9103063
Mobile: +973-9685646
E-Mail: makhlooq@batelco.com.bh
_______________________________________________
sunmanagers mailing list
sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
_______________________________________________
sunmanagers mailing list
sunmanagers@sunmanagers.org
http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
Received on Fri Mar 21 08:55:21 2003

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