From John.Hallman at wellsfargo.com Fri Feb 1 00:10:31 2008 From: John.Hallman at wellsfargo.com (John.Hallman at wellsfargo.com) Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 23:10:31 -0600 Subject: Sol10 to Netapp connection over 1GB NFS link for Sybase DB Message-ID: ### NetAPP Sybase Volume ### netapp1:/vol/syb_data01 - /syb_data nfs - yes hard,intr,bg,vers=3,proto=tcp,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,forcedirectio We have a v445 with 4 CPUS connected (2 Cisco 2970's) via 1GB IPMP (ce0/ce1) link to a pair of netapp filers. On the server runs Sybase15 - DB is located on the Netapp I just want to make sure the server - network - netapp are optimially configured. Users are complaining of slowness - I see lots of busy time. It looks like at times there are more writes than reads but the reads are pretty significant in the amount of data returned. Looking from some advise on monitoring the NFS - possible areas to tune - things to check on the cisco switches (I have console and enable access) and the netapp (NetApp Release 7.0.3:) We are looking at connecting to the netapp via Fiber (which means we need to install Veritas on the server) and SSD devices to improve performance. Lastly we are building a v490 4CPU box to eventually replace this DB. Thanks again SERVER: -bash-3.00$ netstat -in Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue lo0 8232 127.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 6125985 0 6125985 0 0 0 bge0 1500 10.45.21.0 10.45.21.204 349699125 0 432708911 0 0 0 ce0 1500 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.140 28375610 0 2323026 0 0 0 -bash-3.00$ iostat -xnTd -z 5 Thu Jan 31 20:59:28 2008 extended device statistics r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device 0.0 0.0 0.5 4.9 0.0 0.0 1.6 14.6 0 0 d0 0.2 0.0 1.8 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 11.1 0 0 d1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.4 11.5 0 0 d3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 4.6 12.4 0 0 d4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 15.5 0 0 d5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 9.8 0 0 d6 0.0 0.1 0.8 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 13.5 0 0 d7 0.5 0.7 35.1 83.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 0 0 d8 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 0 0 d10 0.1 0.0 0.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 0 0 d11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 0 0 d13 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8 0 0 d14 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.3 0 0 d15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.3 0 0 d16 0.0 0.1 0.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 0 0 d17 0.2 0.7 17.6 83.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 0 0 d18 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.5 0 0 d20 0.1 0.0 0.9 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 0 0 d21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 0 0 d23 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 0 0 d24 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.1 0 0 d25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 0 0 d26 0.0 0.1 0.4 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 0 0 d27 0.2 0.7 17.6 83.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 0 0 d28 0.1 0.4 1.4 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 0 0 c0t0d0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 17.0 0 0 c1t0d0 0.3 0.8 18.0 86.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 0 0 c0t1d0 0.1 0.4 1.4 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 0 0 c0t2d0 0.3 0.8 18.0 86.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 0 0 c0t3d0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 0 0 sigsa0112104:vold(pid379) 34.8 22.0 471.9 125.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 4.5 0 8 netapp1:/vol/syb_data01 Thu Jan 31 20:59:33 2008 extended device statistics r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv wsvc_t asvc_t %w %b device 0.0 0.2 0.0 205.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.6 0 0 d0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0 0 d4 0.0 0.2 0.0 205.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.5 0 0 d10 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 0 0 d14 0.0 0.2 0.0 205.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.2 0 0 d20 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0 0 d24 0.0 2.2 0.0 205.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.8 0 1 c0t0d0 0.0 2.2 0.0 205.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 0 1 c0t2d0 9.4 112.7 18.8 449.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.2 0 11 netapp1:/vol/syb_data01 -bash-3.00$ nfsstat -c Client rpc: Connection oriented: calls badcalls badxids timeouts newcreds badverfs timers 281804342 1 0 0 0 0 0 cantconn nomem interrupts 0 0 0 Connectionless: calls badcalls retrans badxids timeouts newcreds badverfs 628 1 0 0 0 0 0 timers nomem cantsend 16 0 0 Client nfs: calls badcalls clgets cltoomany 281749065 2 281672458 30668 Version 2: (627 calls) null getattr setattr root lookup readlink read wrcache 0 0% 549 87% 0 0% 0 0% 46 7% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% write create remove rename link symlink mkdir rmdir 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% readdir statfs 30 4% 2 0% Version 3: (281746459 calls) null getattr setattr lookup access 0 0% 3273 0% 7 0% 99 0% 1492 0% readlink read write create mkdir 0 0% 172620400 61% 109121115 38% 11 0% 0 0% symlink mknod remove rmdir rename 0 0% 0 0% 7 0% 0 0% 0 0% link readdir readdirplus fsstat fsinfo 0 0% 0 0% 20 0% 34 0% 1 0% pathconf commit 0 0% 0 0% Version 4: (0 calls) null compound 0 0% 0 0% Version 4: (0 operations) reserved access close commit 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% create delegpurge delegreturn getattr 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% getfh link lock lockt 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% locku lookup lookupp nverify 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% open openattr open_confirm open_downgrade 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% putfh putpubfh putrootfh read 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% readdir readlink remove rename 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% renew restorefh savefh secinfo 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% setattr setclientid setclientid_confirm verify 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% write 0 0% Client nfs_acl: Version 2: (1 calls) null getacl setacl getattr access getxattrdir 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% Version 3: (1 calls) null getacl setacl getxattrdir 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% -------------------------------- netapp1> nfsstat Server rpc: TCP: calls badcalls nullrecv badlen xdrcall 690371837 42 0 0 42 UDP: calls badcalls nullrecv badlen xdrcall 96 90 0 6 84 Server nfs: calls badcalls 690371790 0 Server nfs V2: (0 calls) null getattr setattr root lookup readlink read 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% wrcache write create remove rename link symlink 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% mkdir rmdir readdir statfs 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Read request stats (version 2) 0-511 512-1023 1K-2047 2K-4095 4K-8191 8K-16383 16K-32767 32K-65535 64K-131071 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Write request stats (version 2) 0-511 512-1023 1K-2047 2K-4095 4K-8191 8K-16383 16K-32767 32K-65535 64K-131071 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Server nfs V3: (690371790 calls) null getattr setattr lookup access readlink read 0 0% 6373234 1% 588373 0% 1207395 0% 161925 0% 0 0% 360504548 52% write create mkdir symlink mknod remove rmdir 320699142 46% 197314 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 196713 0% 0 0% rename link readdir readdir+ fsstat fsinfo pathconf 390326 0% 0 0% 1250 0% 348 0% 51222 0% 0 0% 0 0% commit 0 0% Read request stats (version 3) 0-511 512-1023 1K-2047 2K-4095 4K-8191 8K-16383 16K-32767 32K-65535 64K-131071 11264334 10369743 33830 127226696 588736 7864215 133293757 69863236 0 Write request stats (version 3) 0-511 512-1023 1K-2047 2K-4095 4K-8191 8K-16383 16K-32767 32K-65535 64K-131071 179303410 5582191 2952214 64618801 44513260 786325 10732171 12210770 0 sigsa0112001> From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Fri Feb 1 07:28:40 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 13:28:40 +0100 Subject: Performance Problem Message-ID: <3816C9DE-D0C1-11DC-9EF8-000393CA0072@smartsoft.de> Dear managers, a user process utilizing 2GB - 4GB of memory on a SF 490 (2 x SPARC IV, 16 GB) causes serious performance problems for all users. It looks like much disk i/o is taking place. The performance problem goes away 1-2 minutes after killing the user process that consumed the 2GB - 4GB of RAM. Since we have 16GB in the machine this should have no effect on other users IMHO. No swapping should be performed since there is more than enough physical memory to hold all process data in RAM. What could be the problem? I heard that Solaris does not like greater portion of RAM being occupied by a single process. Is that correct? Why? Thanks a lot, Andreas From shabeer.vvs at wipro.com Fri Feb 1 10:22:24 2008 From: shabeer.vvs at wipro.com (shabeer.vvs at wipro.com) Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 20:52:24 +0530 Subject: sar command to find out total percentage of memory utilisation for a day Message-ID: Hi, I am in a process of taking last 10 days average percentage of memory, CPU and Disk utilisation in solaris8. Can any one help me regarding in this. I found sar command and I got the details of CPU by using #sar -u -f sa23 command. For memory If I try sar command with -r option , it gives only free memory details only. #sar -r -f sa23 00:00:01 freemem freeswap 01:00:00 173009 14301230 Average 172860 14302592 Is there any way to find out total percentage of memory used? And also Total percentage of disk utilisation also in solaris8? Regards, VVSHA Please do not print this email unless it is absolutely necessary. Spread environmental awareness. The information contained in this electronic message and any attachments to this message are intended for the exclusive use of the addressee(s) and may contain proprietary, confidential or privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient, you should not disseminate, distribute or copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender immediately and destroy all copies of this message and any attachments. WARNING: Computer viruses can be transmitted via email. The recipient should check this email and any attachments for the presence of viruses. The company accepts no liability for any damage caused by any virus transmitted by this email. www.wipro.com From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Fri Feb 1 13:10:33 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 19:10:33 +0100 Subject: Summary: Performance Problem In-Reply-To: <3816C9DE-D0C1-11DC-9EF8-000393CA0072@smartsoft.de> Message-ID: Dear managers, thanks to Casper.Dik at Sun.COM francisco roque Tim Bradshaw "Matthew Stier" Markus Mayer who suggested to use the following tools to see what is going on. vmstat -p 10 memory page executable anonymous filesystem swap free re mf fr de sr epi epo epf api apo apf fpi fpo fpf 18772512 4806232 774 1905 24 0 0 828 0 0 0 0 0 171 28 24 18861096 4880280 4072 706 13 0 0 35 0 0 8 0 0 540 14 13 ... iostat tty md0 md1 md3 md10 cpu tin tout kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv kps tps serv us sy wt id 0 73 1673 117 27 9 0 39 21 1 34 1221 80 32 12 3 0 85 mpstat CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl 0 105 1 90 74 17 1431 57 299 73 2 2613 12 3 0 85 2 100 0 189 918 395 1434 44 304 116 2 2534 15 3 0 82 16 103 1 103 81 21 1467 61 294 85 2 2728 11 3 0 86 18 99 3 112 146 83 1663 66 333 86 2 3040 10 4 0 85 pmap -S 22659 ... -------- ------- ------- total Kb 3284520 3251312 An oracle tool (em) currently - I am still running a test with a process currently using 3.2 GB of RAM - gives me Memory utilization: 72 % "prstat -s size" make me thinking that only 6 GB or so of the 16 GB installed in the machine are used: PID USERNAME SIZE RSS STATE PRI NICE TIME CPU PROCESS/NLWP 22659 ahoesch 3208M 3194M cpu18 0 4 1:39:39 25% SmartClient/1 5950 oracle 1151M 1082M sleep 59 0 0:00:15 0.0% oracle/13 6793 oracle 1137M 1073M sleep 59 0 0:00:00 0.0% oracle/1 ... 6822 oracle 1137M 1077M sleep 59 0 0:00:00 0.0% oracle/1 5944 oracle 1137M 1073M sleep 59 0 0:00:03 0.0% oracle/1 27988 nbraun 465M 315M sleep 59 0 0:51:02 0.0% soffice.bin/6 ... I was told that the memory used by oracle is shared so that it actually uses 1150 MB only once. So this would be 3.2 GB for my test process 1 GB for oracle 5 GB estimated for all the other processes ===================== 9 GB Well, that's actually about 72 %. System performance is fine right now. It seems I can't reproduce the problem with my test process. Today a user with a 3.4 GB process bogged down the system completely. I will need to wait for the next real occurance and then recheck all the values. What numbers in the above stats should I look for first? Looking at "prstat -s size" did not get me anywhere. Looking at the output made me always think that there should be enough memory left. Is anything fine until the second column of "vmstat -p 10" output reaches zero? mpstat does not seem to help either, it shows 85% idle all the time. What values in iostat output should I have an eye on when the problem reoccurs? Thanks a lot, Andreas > a user process utilizing 2GB - 4GB of memory on a SF 490 (2 x SPARC IV, > 16 GB) causes serious performance problems for all users. It looks like > much disk i/o is taking place. The performance problem goes away 1-2 > minutes after killing the user process that consumed the 2GB - 4GB of > RAM. Since we have 16GB in the machine this should have no effect on > other users IMHO. No swapping should be performed since there is more > than enough physical memory to hold all process data in RAM. > > What could be the problem? I heard that Solaris does not like greater > portion of RAM being occupied by a single process. Is that correct? > Why? > > Thanks a lot, > > Andreas > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers at sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers From shannon_adams68 at yahoo.com Fri Feb 1 18:26:14 2008 From: shannon_adams68 at yahoo.com (Shannon Adams) Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 15:26:14 -0800 (PST) Subject: Solaris 9 error - "Unable to allocate a master pty." Message-ID: <228691.45370.qm@web52902.mail.re2.yahoo.com> Solaris 9 12/03 s9s_u5wos_08b SPARC When adding or reseting serial printers in on Solaris 9 system, we use the following command (as an example): /usr/opt/annex/rtelnet -broaP 10.15.4.10 7002 /dev/bm015 This seems to work fine most of the time, but occasionally an error such as the following will appear: ERR :10512:20041027204139: Unable to allocate a master pty. When this error occurs, the only way around it is to do a reboot; which is not very convenient. Is there a way around it outside of having to reboot the system? Thanks, Shannon Adams ____________________________________________________________________________________ Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ From adas at Yodlee.com Fri Feb 1 18:52:05 2008 From: adas at Yodlee.com (Abhijit Das) Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 15:52:05 -0800 Subject: Clearing interface errors in Solaris 8 In-Reply-To: <228691.45370.qm@web52902.mail.re2.yahoo.com> References: <228691.45370.qm@web52902.mail.re2.yahoo.com> Message-ID: Gurus How do i clear out the interface errors on Solaris 8 without rebooting [for me the ierrors counter]. Please advise Tx Abhijit bash-2.03# netstat -k qfe0 qfe0: ipackets 2183647813 ierrors 570824 opackets 1836681315 oerrors 0 collisions 0 defer 0 framing 0 crc 0 sqe 0 code_violations 0 len_errors 0 ifspeed 100000000 buff 1202 oflo 569607 uflo 0 missed 0 tx_late_collisions 0 retry_error 0 first_collisions 0 nocarrier 0 inits 19 nocanput 9 allocbfail 0 runt 2 jabber 0 babble 0 tmd_error 0 tx_late_error 0 rx_late_error 0 slv_parity_error 0 tx_parity_error 0 rx_parity_error 0 slv_error_ack 0 tx_error_ack 0 rx_error_ack 0 tx_tag_error 0 rx_tag_error 13 eop_error 0 no_tmds 0 no_tbufs 0 no_rbufs 0 rx_late_collisions 0 rbytes 809125801 obytes 4002119377 multircv 216 multixmt 0 brdcstrcv 19410 brdcstxmt 2851 norcvbuf 0 noxmtbuf 0 phy_inits 2 tx_inits 20 rx_inits 24 ipackets64 2183647813 opackets64 1836681315 rbytes64 894162323369 obytes64 747031461585 align_errors 0 fcs_errors 0 sqe_errors 0 defer_xmts 0 ex_collisions 0 macxmt_errors 0 carrier_errors 0 toolong_errors 1202 macrcv_errors 0 link_up 1 link_duplex 2 promisc off bash-2.03# kstat -p -m qfe -i 0 -s "*errors" qfe:0:qfe0:align_errors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:carrier_errors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:fcs_errors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:ierrors 570824 qfe:0:qfe0:len_errors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:macrcv_errors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:macxmt_errors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:oerrors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:sqe_errors 0 qfe:0:qfe0:toolong_errors 1202 bash-2.03# From shannon_adams68 at yahoo.com Fri Feb 1 19:02:45 2008 From: shannon_adams68 at yahoo.com (Shannon Adams) Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2008 16:02:45 -0800 (PST) Subject: Print PDF files from Solaris 9? Message-ID: <510631.27844.qm@web52912.mail.re2.yahoo.com> All our printers will print PCL. How do I print a PDF file directly from UNIX (Solaris 9)? Thanks, Shannon ____________________________________________________________________________________ Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ From jdd at cs.toronto.edu Sat Feb 2 00:30:01 2008 From: jdd at cs.toronto.edu (John DiMarco) Date: Sat, 2 Feb 2008 00:30:01 -0500 (EST) Subject: Sun Managers Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Message-ID: <20080202053001.4125D59C063@apps0.cs.toronto.edu> Archive-name: sunmanagers-faq $Id: faq.html,v 1.29 2007/05/25 20:41:16 jdd Exp $ SunManagers Frequently Asked Questions This is collection of common questions posted to the sunmanagers mailing list twice a month. It is intended to benefit Sun System Managers and reduce traffic to the list by providing quick answers to common problems. Keeping with the style of a similar FAQ for comp.windows.x, questions marked with a '+' indicate questions new to this issue; those with significant changes of content since the last issue are marked by '*' The Information Files maintainer is John DiMarco . All corrections, submissions and FAQ administration-related messages should go to . Do not send questions, subscription or unsubscription requests, or sunmanagers postings to this address; they will be quietly ignored. The List Server maintainer is Bill Bradford . Any problems with the mailing list server should be directed to Bill. _________________________________________________________________ Questions 1. The Sun-Manager's Mailing list 1.1) How do I read, join, post to, or remove myself from the sunmanagers mailing list? 1.2) What is the Sun-Manager's Charter? What are the rules? 1.3) Are there any public archives for the sunmanagers list? 1.4) What should I keep in mind when posting to sunmanagers? 1.5) What other forums are there for Suns? 1.6) Where are the answers to questions about old Suns and old versions of Solaris? 1.7) What fields can I use to filter Sun Managers email? 2. Getting Help Over the Net 2.1) How do I find out what patches are available from Sun? 2.2) * How do I get help migrating to Solaris? 2.3) How do I access Sun's documentation over the net? 2.4) To which web sites can I go for help? 3. Network Directory and File Services 3.1) How do I use DNS for hostname resolution? 3.2) How do I change NIS+ credentials for the root master server? 3.3) When I compile something, errors occur saying _dlopen and other _dl routines can't be found. Why? 4. Window Systems 4.1) + What Window system GUIs are supported by Sun? 5. Disks, Tapes and SCSI 5.1) * What sector/head/cylinders parameters should be used for a hard disk? 5.2) * Can I replace an internal drive in a Sun with a higher capacity model? 5.3) Is it okay to disconnect or connect SCSI devices while powered on? 5.4) How do I configure my sun to use Exabyte 4mm DAT tape drives? 5.5) Why is tagged queueing a problem on my third-party disk? 5.6) Why don't third-party CD-ROMS work on my sun? 5.7) What size and density parameters should I use for ufsdump with a high-capacity tape drive? 5.8) My floppy/cdrom device says "device busy". What do I do? 5.9) What software is available for CD-R/CD-RW? 5.10) Where is my disk space? The "du" and "df" commands disagree. 6. Resource Management and Performance Tuning 6.1) How do I tell what caused my machine to crash? 6.2) What can I do if my machine slows to a crawl or just hangs? 6.3) How do I find out how much physical memory a machine has? 6.4) How do I find out what my machine's memory is being used for? How can I tell if I need more memory? 6.5) Why do some files take up more disk space after being copied? Why are the sizes reported by ls -l and du different? 7. HTTP and Anonymous FTP 7.1) * How do I set up anonymous ftp on my machine? 7.2) + Where can I get a Web server for Solaris? 8. Consoles, Keyboards and Key Remapping 8.1) How do I make the numeric keypad on a sun keyboard work with xterm? 8.2) How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a sun keyboard? 8.3) How do I use a Windows PC for a Sun serial console? 9. Sun models and OS Versions 9.1) * Which Sun models run which version of SunOS? 9.2) How can my program tell what model Sun it is running on? 9.3) How do I find out a Sun's boot prom revision? 9.4) * Which hardware/software is capable of 64-bit? Which is only 64-bit? How can I tell which is running? 10. Miscellaneous Software 10.1) My remote ufsdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do? 10.2) * Where can I get a C compiler for Solaris? 10.3) How do I read Microsoft Word documents on my Sun? 10.4) How do I restore to a different location the contents of a tarfile created with absolute pathnames? 11. Miscellaneous Hardware 11.1) * How come my mouse occasionally doesn't work? 11.2) How can I turn my old sun into an X-Terminal? 11.3) * How can I use an SVGA monitor on my Sun? 11.4) Where can I find alternate pointing devices for my Sun? 12. Networking 12.1) Why do both my net interfaces have the same ethernet address? 12.2) How can I know the hardware vendor from an ethernet address? 12.3) * How do I set my ethernet interface to e.g. 100Mb full duplex? 12.4) How do I find out what process is using a particular port? 12.5) I have a lot of ports in WAIT states. Why? 13. Electronic Mail 13.1) * Where can I get a POP or IMAP server for my sun? 14. Printing 14.1) + How do I get started with LP-style printing in Solaris? 14.2) How do I configure a non-postscript printer for postscript? 15. Misc System Administration 15.1) I've forgotten the root password; how can I recover? 15.2) How do I disable/remap STOP-A/L1-A? 15.3) How do I manage services in Solaris 10 and later? Do I still make links in /etc/rc*.d? Answers _________________________________________________________________ 1. The Sun-Manager's Mailing list _________________________________________________________________ 1.1) How do I read, join, post to, or remove myself from the sunmanagers mailing list? Point your web browser to http://www.sunmanagers.org Persons without web access should send a mail message to "sunmanagers-request at sunmanagers.org" containing the single word "help". Messages can be posted to the list by mailing them to the address "sunmanagers at sunmanagers.org". Do not do this until you have read the charter/policy (question 1.2) and the "how to post" document at http://www.sunmanagers.org. The policy and the "how to post" document is sent to the entire list twice a month. It is also sent out to every new subscriber and is available at http://www.sunmanagers.org. The latest version of the FAQ (this file) is available at http://www.sunmanagers.org _________________________________________________________________ 1.2) What is the Sun-Manager's Charter? What are the rules? 1: This list is NOT moderated! Every message that is sent to the list will be passed on to every member of the list. 2: Requests to have addresses added or removed from the list should NOT be sent to the entire list. Instead, addresses should be added or removed via the web page at http://www.sunmanagers.org Similarly, test messages of any sort should not be sent to the list. 3: This list is intended to be a quick-turnaround trouble shooting aid for those who administer and manage Sun systems. Its primary purpose is to provide the Sun manager with a quick source of information for system management problems that are of a time-critical nature. 4: All responses are to be mailed back to the questioner and are NOT to be sent to the entire list. Any response to a list message sent to the list, rather than to the person asking the question, will be deleted without notice. The person who originally asked the question has the responsibility of summarizing the answers and sending the entire summary back to the list. When a summary is sent back to the list, the word "SUMMARY" should be the first word of the "Subject" line. 5: Discussions on ANY topic are not allowed and will not be tolerated. If you want to discuss something, take it to the appropriate Sun newsgroup. 6: If it is not specifically related to Sun system management, then it does NOT belong on this list. Requests for vendor recommendations are tolerated, provided that the hardware in question is something that system managers normally purchase. 7: Commercial Advertising of any sort on the list is strictly prohibited. 8: Postings about employment, either employment sought or offered, are not permitted on this list. Please use a more appropriate forum, e.g. one of the newsgroups in the misc.jobs USENET hierarchy. 9: Requests for software (free or otherwise) should be limited to software that is directly related to Sun SYSTEM MANAGEMENT ONLY. 10: Read the appropriate manuals BEFORE posting, including the "Read This First" documents. Oftentimes the manuals contain answers for common problems. 11: When including a traceback from a system panic, make sure that it is a symbolic traceback. Numeric tracebacks (the ones included as part of the panic message) are not helpful; don't bother sending them to the list. 12: A posting to sunmanagers is not a general invitation to email the poster -- if you wish to send email to a sunmanagers poster, the email you send should be related to the posting, else it will be unsolicited email and may be treated like any other unsolicited email (e.g. spam). Sunmanagers is not to be used to collect email addresses of people who manage Sun systems. Those who do this not only violate the list's policy, but risk seriously offending the very people they are attempting to reach. 13: PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE...Think before you send a message! Ask yourself "is this really appropriate?" There are enough other newsgroups and mailing lists around to cover the marginal topics. Perhaps there is another forum that is more appropriate? Check the list of Sun specific newsgroups included in the FAQ. Perhaps your message would be more appropriate there? Remember that Sunmanagers is very public: we have thousands of subscribers, all postings are archived for posterity on various archive sites, and these sites are in turn searchable via various web engines. Submitting a posting is irreversible -- once it goes out, it cannot be taken back! Failure to adhere to these guidelines may result in severe chastisement by the list participants. Not only will you succeed in looking like a careless fool, and in making Sun Systems Managers all over the world annoyed at your incompetence, you may end up damaging your professional reputation. _________________________________________________________________ 1.3) Are there any public archives for the sunmanagers list? Sunmanagers' official archive is accessible at http://www.sunmanagers.org All postings are automatically archived. It is our policy not to accommodate requests to modify the archives, so if you are uncomfortable with your submissions in their entirety being public, do not submit them. Also, various members also keep their own archives on their own initiative. Some of these are public. Here are some we know about: http://aa11.cjb.net/sun_managers/index.htm Hank Leininger maintains a searchable archive site of messages (both questions and summaries) in Florida. It can be accessed at: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=sun-managers Dataman Benelux in the Netherlands hosts a "fuzzy" full-text index of the Sun Managers mailing list at: http://www.dataman.nl/cgi-bin/sunmanagers Manfred Liebchen maintains an archive site in Germany. It can be accessed at: http://www.uni-koeln.de/RRZK/Abt-Systeme/sun/infos/SUN-MANAGERS/sunman .html Older summaries (up to mid-1999) are available at http://www.latech.edu/sunman.html _________________________________________________________________ 1.4) What should I keep in mind when posting to sunmanagers? * VERY IMPORTANT! Before you post, read the sunmanager's list policy, which is available at http://www.sunmanagers.org * Sun Managers is a huge unmoderated mailing list. Every message you send will be passed on to every member of the list. This means you have access to a much larger audience when you need help, but it also means you can embarrass yourself in front of a huge number of people, most of them professionals in your field, including colleagues, peers, and possible future employers. Further, your posting will be archived in various places, some public, some private -- we have no way of knowing all the archive locations. Some of these archives, including the official one at http://www.sunmanagers.org, are web-searchable. It is our policy not to accommodate requests to remove or modify postings as archived on http://www.sunmanagers.org. Once you submit your message, it will be irretrievably accessible to a large number of people. There is no "taking it back". * Sun Managers is completely voluntary. Nobody is required to help you. We are all cooperating by sharing our knowledge. Accept with grace whatever responses you get, and don't hound people if they are helpful or they won't be the next time. * Sun Managers is not the list to use when you run out of other places to post. Job postings, PC questions, X questions all have their own lists and newsgroups. Use only the appropriate list or newsgroup for such things, not Sun Managers. Inappropriate postings will only make people annoyed at you. * The more information you give about a problem, the easier it is for others to help you. This doesn't mean you should uuencode the kernel and post it, but you should include your OS version, your hardware, and all relevant symptoms of your problem. Unless the request is of a general nature, the output of "uname -a" is almost certainly helpful. * When making a summary, please summarize as much as possible all the answers you received, even the ones you didn't decide to follow: if you receive several different suggestions, and decided on one, remember that somebody else reading the summary may not find the suggestion you followed to be the best one in his or her situation, and may benefit from one of the suggestions you didn't choose. * Be generous. If you have the information requested (especially if it is obscure) then please respond. You may be the person requesting help next time. _________________________________________________________________ 1.5) What other forums are there for Suns? Other forums that relate to Suns: USENET Newsgroups (accessible via "rn", "readnews", "nn", netscape, etc.): There is an entire USENET hierarchy devoted to Sun equipment. Some of these groups include: * comp.sys.sun.admin - Sun system administration * comp.sys.sun.announce - Announcements pertaining to Sun equipment * comp.sys.sun.apps - Applications that run on Suns * comp.sys.sun.hardware - Sun hardware (and clones too, I think) * comp.sys.sun.misc - Miscellaneous * comp.sys.sun.wanted - Sun stuff to buy or sell Other newsgroups that may also be of interest: * comp.unix.solaris - Solaris on all platforms * alt.sys.sun - may not be available everywhere * comp.sys.sun - newsgroup equivalent of sun-spots * comp.sources.sun - Sun-specific sources (not very active) Mailing lists: Sun Flash (Sun Product Announcements/news releases) sunflash-request at sunvice.East.Sun.COM - add/remove requests SunHelp (Discussion/help/chat about Sun machines and Software) http://www.sunhelp.org/mailman/listinfo/sunhelp Rescue (Rescuing old Sun equipment from the dump) http://www.sunhelp.org/mailman/listinfo/rescue Sunergy (Sun Commercial Newsletter) sunergy_information at Sun.COM - add/remove requests Suns-at-home (Home use of Sun Workstations) Suns-at-Home-Request at net-kitchen.com - add/remove requests Suns-at-Home at net-kitchen.com - submissions Suns-at-Home-Archives at net-kitchen.com - archive requests ssa-managers (Sun RAID software and hardware products) majordomo at eng.auburn.edu - add/remove requests (e.g. send "subscribe ssa-managers" in message body) veritas-users (Veritas products) http://mailman.eng.auburn.edu/mailman/listinfo CIAC notes (US. DOE Computer Incident Advisory Capability) ciac-listproc at llnl.gov - add/remove requests listmanager at cheetah.llnl.gov - human list manager CERT Advisory mailing list (security notifications for Suns and others) cert-advisory-request at cert.org - add/remove requests Solaris on Intel-based (x86) machines http://groups.yahoo.com/group/solarisx86/ Old list archives at: http://www.egroups.com/list/solarisonintel/ Auspex: managers of Auspex NFS file servers auspex-request at princeton.edu - add/remove requests auspex at princeton.edu - submissions Solbourne: managers of Solbourne SPARC systems "info-solbourne" list majordomo at acsu.buffalo.edu - add/remove requests info-solbourne at acsu.buffalo.edu - submissions ftp://ftp.acsu.buffalo.edu/pub/misc/info-solbourne.tar.z archives disksuite-l: for users who use Sun's Solstice Disksuite software majordomo at lists.veritel.com.br - add/remove requests sysadm at veritel.com.br - list owner Linuxmanagers: for users of Linux, including Sun Linux. http://www.linuxmanagers.org NOTE: if you wish to be added to one of the above mailing lists, send mail to the REQUEST address! Do not send add requests to the main address! For Web pages, see the answer to question 2.4. _________________________________________________________________ 1.6) Where are the answers to questions about old Suns and old versions of Solaris? Those questions and answers used to be in this FAQ, but since they're no longer frequently asked, they've been moved elsewhere. The FAQ as of late 2005 contained information about pre-UltraSPARC suns and versions of Solaris before Solaris 8, and is available at ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/sunmanagers/faq-2005. The FAQ as of late 2000 contained information about pre-SPARC suns, early SPARCstations, and SunOS 4.x, and is available at ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/sunmanagers/faq-2000. _________________________________________________________________ 1.7) What fields can I use to filter Sun Managers email? The following headers will exist in any mail to the list: To: sunmanagers at sunmanagers.org List-Help: List-Post: List-Subscribe: , List-Id: The Sun Managers Mailing List List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: _________________________________________________________________ 2. Getting Help Over the Net _________________________________________________________________ 2.1) How do I find out what patches are available from Sun? If you have a software service agreement with Sun, you can use Sun's "SunSolve ONLINE" service to obtain patches. Check your service agreement for details. Many anonymous ftp sites have partial collections of patches. WARNING: if you ftp patches from an ftp site, you are trusting whomever put them there. To be absolutely safe, get your patches from a trusted source. Rik Harris maintains a WAIS archive (sun-fixes.src) of most available patch READMEs. The Sun User Group (SUG) CD ROM also has a collection of Sun patches. _________________________________________________________________ 2.2) * How do I get help migrating to Solaris? Start by reading the Solaris FAQ, maintained and posted periodically to comp.unix.solaris by Casper Dik . It can be obtained at http://www.science.uva.nl/pub/solaris/solaris2 Then go to the Solaris Security FAQ, maintained by John Pancharian and hosted by IT World at http://www.itworld.com/Comp/2377/security-faq/ Sun has a programme for developers/companies to migrate to Solaris. It's documented at http://advantage.sun.com/partners/10moves/. _________________________________________________________________ 2.3) How do I access Sun's documentation over the net? Sun has a web site devoted to documentation, at http://docs.sun.com _________________________________________________________________ 2.4) To which web sites can I go for help? This is not a complete list, but: First, see the answer to question 2.2. Sun's documentation is available at http://docs.sun.com You can search the Sun newsgroups at http://www.dejanews.com Sun-Managers Archives are described in the answer to question 1.3 above. Some sites suggested by Jeffrey Meltzer are: * SolarisGuide - http://www.solarisguide.com * SunHelp - http://www.sunhelp.org * SolarisCentral - http://www.solariscentral.org * SunGuru - http://www.sunguru.com * SunFreeware - http://www.sunfreeware.com TechTarget has a search engine at http://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com that also covers Solaris. Eric De Mund suggests the BigAdmin site run by Sun, at http://www.sun.com/bigadmin Alan Pae suggests Sun Country, at http://www.ilkda.com _________________________________________________________________ 3. Network Directory and Files Services _________________________________________________________________ 3.1) How do I use DNS for hostname resolution? In Solaris 2.x, this is easy: simply edit /etc/nsswitch.conf and put "dns" before (or instead of) nis or nisplus on the line that begins with "hosts:". For example, to look up hostnames first in the host file and then in the DNS, use "hosts: files dns" _________________________________________________________________ 3.2) How do I change NIS+ credentials for the root master server? If an NIS+ system is functioning correctly and only the root password and root private keys for the system need to be changed, follow these steps: 1) Login as root for the system and change the root password in the /etc/shadow file: {root}3% passwd passwd: Changing password for root New password: Re-enter new password: {root}4% 2) Change the system's private key in the cred table: {root}4% chkey -p Updating nisplus publickey database. Reencrypting key for 'unix.ramayan at bharat.i n'. Please enter the Secure-RPC password for root: Please enter the login password for root: {root}5% 3) If running replica server(s) then wait until the changes to the credential object table has been propagated to its replicas. This could be up to 2 minutes. 4) Change the system's /etc/.rootkey: {root}5% keylogin -r Password: Wrote secret key into /etc/.rootkey {root}6% The procedure above will work for any system -- root server, root replica, non-root servers, and all clients. The steps above change only the system's root password and private keys, not the public keys for the system. Thanks to Ronald W. Henderson . However, if you want to change all the root credentials, including the public key, follow these steps: Use the passwd command on the root master server to change the root password. But DO NOT follow this with a chkey -p to update the credentials for the root master server, because this will disable the entire NIS+ domain. The only way to recover from this is to rebuild the domain from scratch! It is possible to change the credentials of the root master server, but it is not easy. The procedure follows: To change the keys for the root master server do as follows: 1. use these commands in this order: nisupdkeys -CH master.server.name. groups_dir.domain.name. nisupdkeys -CH master.server.name. org_dir.domain.name. nisupdkeys -CH master.server.name. domain.name. (This CLEARS the public key for the HOST "master.server.name" in this directory.) 2. Kill rpc.nisd and restart it at security level O then run this command: nistbladm -R cname=master.server.name. cred.org_dir.domain.name. nisaddcred des 3. Shutdown and restart any replicas of org_dir.domain.name. at run level O nisping org_dir.domain.name. nisdupdkeys domain.name. nisupddkeys org_dir.domain.name. nisupdkeys groups_dir.domain.name. 4. Kill and restart all rpc.nisd servers at level O to security level 2. Note that changing a server's key affects all directory objects containing the key. Thanks to Rogerio Rocha and Sun INFODOC ID 2213 for this information. _________________________________________________________________ 3.3) When I compile something, errors occur saying _dlopen and other _dl routines can't be found. Why? You are probably trying to compile something statically. You must either include stub routines for the _dl routines, or you must link the C library (or -ldl) dynamically. The source code below provides do-nothing stubs for the routines in question. /* libdl stubs -- John DiMarco */ char *dgettext(domainname, msgid) char *domainname; char *msgid; { return(msgid); } void *dlopen(pathname, mode) char *pathname; int mode; { return((void *)NULL); } void *dlsym(handle, name) void *handle; char *name; { return((void *)NULL); } char *dlerror() { return(NULL); } int dlclose(handle) void *handle; { return(0); } _________________________________________________________________ 4. Window Systems _________________________________________________________________ 4.1) + What Window system GUIs are supported by Sun? Sun's default window system for Solaris is CDE; Gnome is also supported. Sun's Java Desktop System and the Sunray software for Linux uses Gnome. _________________________________________________________________ 5. Disks, Tapes and SCSI _________________________________________________________________ 5.1) * What sector/head/cylinders parameters should be used for a hard disk? The format program can almost always figure this out on its own by querying the drive, but if you wish, you can specify your own in /etc/format.dat. A format.dat file containing entries submitted by various people is available for anonymous ftp at ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/sunmanagers/format.dat It is currently maintained by John DiMarco (jdd at cs.toronto.edu). New entries are welcome; mail them to sunmanagers-format at sunmanagers.org For SCSI disks on modern suns, a format.dat entry can be auto-generated using John DiMarco's scsiinfo program, available at ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/scsiinfo/. It will query the disk directly, and has an option to generate an appropriate format.dat entry. Finally, you can compute your own entry. For SCSI disks, any combination of cylinders, heads, and sectors that does not add up to more than the rated formatted capacity of the drive will normally work. A grossly different geometry may result in some slight performance degradation, but it should still work. The SCSI protocol hides most of the drive details from the host, and hence the host need not know much about the drive to format or use it. _________________________________________________________________ 5.2) * Can I replace an internal drive in a Sun with a higher capacity model? Yes, usually. If you purchase it from someone other than Sun, it is wisest to make sure that it is either a model of drive that is supported by Sun for that machine, or that it at least does not dissipate more heat than the hottest of the drives supported by Sun. The Sun Systems Handbook lists various drives supported on various models; you can query it on the web for modern Suns at http://sunsolve.sun.com/handbook_pub/Systems. For systems which are not maximally configured (e.g. there are empty internal drive bays), it might be safe to exceed this limit a bit, but caveat emptor. Disk drive heat dissipation/power figures are available on the drive's datasheet, available on the drive vendor's web site. The most relevant figure is the wattage indicated for "Read/Write" or "Seek". Unfortunately, different vendors report this in different ways; read the vendor's documentation to see what this figure indicates. This figure is sometimes indicated in amps at 5V and 12V; convert to watts by multiplying the voltage by the amperage in each case, and adding the two together. _________________________________________________________________ 5.3) Is it okay to disconnect or connect SCSI devices while powered on? On older machines (without onboard SCSI controllers), it is never a good idea to do this. You risk blowing a fuse on the CPU board, or part of the SCSI hardware. On newer machines (sparcstations and later), many people have done this regularly without problems. Halt the machine (sync;L1-A), remove or add the device, then continue. However, it is possible to blow the SCSI termination power fuse on the motherboard. If your machine hangs immediately on powerup unless the SCSI bus is externally terminated, this fuse may need to be replaced. Caveat Emptor. _________________________________________________________________ 5.4) How do I configure my sun to use Exabyte 4mm DAT tape drives? Add the following to /kernel/drv/st.conf: tape-config-list = "EXABYTE EXB-4200", "Exabyte 4mm EXB-4200", "EXBT-4200", "EXABYTE EXB-4200c", "Exabyte 4mm EXB-4200c", "EXBT-4200c" EXBT-4200 = 1,0x34,1024,0x0029,4,0x63,0,0,0,3; EXBT-4200c = 1,0x34,1024,0x0029,4,0x63,0,0x13,0,3; Exabyte also recommends that their 4mm tape drives have firmware revision levels of at least the following when used on suns: * EXB-4200 No restriction, but revision 148 or higher is recommended * EXB-4200c Level 149 minimum (mode select for compression) Thanks to Dave Hightower . _________________________________________________________________ 5.5) Why is tagged queueing a problem on my third-party disk? Tagged Command Queueing (TCQ) is an optional part of the SCSI-2 specification. It permits a drive to accept multiple I/O requests for execution later. These requests are "tagged" by a reusable id so that the drive and the OS can keep track of them. The drive can reorder these requests to optimize seeks. For more details, see the SCSI-2 specifications. A draft version is available at ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/scsi-doc/scsi2.10b.gz SunOS 4.x and earlier never uses tagged queueing. However, Solaris 2.x will make use of tagged queuing if the drive claims to support it. Unfortunately, some drive manufacturers have found it hard to design their drives to do tagged queueing properly, and this particular area has been a common source of bugs in drive firmware. If it is not possible to turn off tagged queueing in the drive that is causing the problem, Solaris 2.x can be told not to use tagged queueing at all, by putting the following line in /etc/system: set scsi_options & ~0x80 The "scsi_options" kernel variable contains a number of bit flags which are defined in /usr/include/sys/scsi/conf/autoconf.h. 0x80 corresponds to tagged queueing. However, this turns off tagged queueing for the entire machine, not just the problematic drive. Because tagged queueing can provide a significant performance enhancement for busy drives, this may not always be desirable. In Solaris 2.4 and later, it is possible to disable tagged queueing and set or clear other scsi options on a per-controller or per-drive basis. The appropriate technique is described in the esp(7) and isp(7) man pages. _________________________________________________________________ 5.6) Why don't third-party CD-ROMS work on my sun? When Sun first decided to add CD-ROM support, there were already a great number of systems in the field, all of which contained boot proms that expected to boot from disks with 512 byte sectors. Sun had to decide between replacing a whole lot of boot proms or finding a way to make a CDROM act like a disk with 512 byte sectors in order to support it as a boot device. They chose the latter approach. Many third party CD-ROM drives use 1024 or 2048-byte sectors, which causes the SCSI driver to see a "data overrun". When the driver asks for N "blocks" (which it thinks are 512 bytes each ) it gets more data back than it expected. Some CD-ROM drives can be told to use 512 byte sectors by setting a jumper, cutting a trace, or using a software command (mode select). Details vary widely, but if you are seeing a data overrun on a third party CD-ROM, then it is most likely doing 1K or 2K transfers and will need some work to be a boot device for a Sun. Thanks to Kevin Sheehan For more information about third-party CD-ROMS on Suns, consult the CD-ROM FAQ, maintained by Mike Frisch and Martin Hargreaves . It can be found on the World Wide Web at ""http://saturn.tlug.org/suncdfaq". A UK mirror is available at ""http://www.datamodl.demon.co.uk/suncd/". _________________________________________________________________ 5.7) What size and density parameters should I use for ufsdump with a high-capacity tape drive? The only purpose of the ufsdump size and density parameters is to let dump calculate the capacity of each tape and then decide for itself when it needs a new tape. If the filesystem you are dumping is larger than the tape, you will need to use more than one tape. But ufsdump can detect the end of media for all modern tape drives, and will automatically prompt for new tapes when needed, so as long as the size and density parameters indicate a tape as long as or longer than the one you're using, ufsdump will behave properly. Thanks to Niall O Broin _________________________________________________________________ 5.8) My floppy/cdrom device says "device busy". What do I do? The Volume Manager (vold) is probably holding the device open. You can access a floppy through the volume manager by typing "volcheck" and looking in /floppy/*. CD-ROMs don't require volcheck; just insert one and the volume manager should automatically notice, and mount it under /cdrom/*. Unmount by typing "eject floppy" or "eject cdrom", respectively. The Volume Manager can be configured by editing /etc/vold.conf. If you need to access a floppy or CD-ROM special device, however, you may need to turn off the volume manager. As root, type "/etc/init.d/volmgt stop". To turn it back on, type "/etc/init.d/volmgt start". _________________________________________________________________ 5.9) What software is available for CD-R/CD-RW? Commercial Software: GEAR by Elektoson - http://www.elektroson.com/ Young Minds - http://www.ymi.com/ - High-end integrated hardware/software solution Creative Digital Research - http://www.cdr1.com/ Joerg Schilling has developed an excellent cd recording package called cdrecord. This package should meet most needs. See http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone /employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html for much more information, including supported hardware. Andy McFadden has an excellent CD-Recordable FAQ at: http://www.cdrfaq.org Thanks to Mark Belanger _________________________________________________________________ 5.10) Where is my disk space? The "du" and "df" commands disagree. If a process is holding open a file, and that file is removed, the space belonging to the file is not freed until the process either exits or closes the file. This space is counted by "df" but not by "du". This often happens in /var/log or /var/adm when a long-running process (e.g. syslog) is holding open a file. In the case of syslog, send it a HUP (e.g. kill -HUP ). You can use LSOF (ftp://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/sysutils/lsof) to find which processes are holding open a particular file. Thanks to Stefan Voss and Michael R. Zika Under Solaris 2.6 and later, files which have been unlinked can still be accessed through the /proc interface. If a process is holding open such a file for writing, but it's inconvenient or impractical to kill the process or get it to close the file, you can free up the disk space by truncating (not removing) the file from under /proc; e.g., # cd /proc/1234/fd # ls -l c--------- 1 root 24, 12 Jan 1 11:33 0 c--------- 1 root 24, 12 Jan 1 11:33 1 c--------- 1 root 24, 12 Jan 1 11:33 2 --w------- 1 root 314159265 Jan 1 11:37 3 # : > 3 # ls -l c--------- 1 root 24, 12 Jan 1 11:33 0 c--------- 1 root 24, 12 Jan 1 11:33 1 c--------- 1 root 24, 12 Jan 1 11:33 2 --w------- 1 root 0 Jan 1 11:38 3 Thanks to Dan Astoorian Brian Poole writes: Another possible cause of df & du disagreeing is if the files are being 'hidden' under a mount. I ran into this recently where I had a large number of files in /tmp (from adding patches in single user mode) that were on the root partition. Thus when I was looking for them in multiuser mode, I couldn't find them because of the tmpfs overlay. I exported the root partition via NFS and upon mounting it found the hidden files and deleted them. _________________________________________________________________ 6. Resource Management and Performance Tuning _________________________________________________________________ 6.1) How do I tell what caused my machine to crash? The crash messages will usually be displayed on the console, and are usually logged to /var/adm/messages via syslog as well after a warm reboot. In older versions of Solaris, the "dmesg" command may also show crash messages. If your system repeatedly crashes with similar looking errors, try searching through the patch list on the Sun patch database for a description that matches your machine. In versions of Solaris 2 up to and including Solaris 2.6, uncomment the "savecore" line in the file /etc/init.d/sysetup to enable crash dumps. As of Solaris 7 and later, crash dumps are enabled by default; see the manual page for dumpadm(1M) for information on how to customize system dump configuration. To report a crash dump, you need a symbolic traceback for it to be useful to the person looking at it. Type the following: cd /var/crash/`hostname` echo '$c' | adb -k unix.0 vmcore.0 The "crash" utility can be useful for analyzing crash dumps for Solaris up to and including Solaris 8. "Crash" has been superseded by "mdb" (modular debugger) as of Solaris 8. Thanks to Dan Astoorian _________________________________________________________________ 6.2) What can I do if my machine slows to a crawl or just hangs? Try running "ps" to look for large numbers of the duplicate programs or processes with a huge size field. Some system daemons occasionally can get into a state where they fork repeatedly and eventually swamp the system. Killing off the child processes doesn't do any good, so you have to find the "master" process. It will usually have the lowest pid. Another useful approach is to run vmstat to pin down what resource(s) your machine is running out of. You can tell vmstat to give ongoing reports by specifying a report interval as its first argument. The programs "top" and "sps" are good for finding processes that are loading your system. "Top" will give you the processes that are consuming the most cpu time. "Sps" is a better version of "ps" that runs much faster and displays processes in an intuitive manner. Top is available at ftp://ftp.groupsys.com/pub/top/. Sps is available at ftp://ftp.csv.warwick.ac.uk/pub/solaris2/sps-sol2.tar.gz. Doug Hughes has written a small, quick PS workalike called "qps", available from his web page at http://www.eng.auburn.edu/users/doug/second.html Sometimes you run out of memory and you won't be able to run enough commands to even find out what is wrong. You will get messages of the type "out of memory" or "no more processes". Note that "out of memory" refers to virtual memory, not physical memory. On a Solaris system, virtual memory is generally equal to the sum of the swap space and the amount of physical memory (less a roughly constant amount for the kernel) on the machine. The command "swap -s" will tell you how much virtual memory is available. You can sync the disks to minimize filesystem corruption if you have to crash the system: Use the L1-A sequence to crash the system. If you are on an older system, type "g0" and you will get the message "panic: ... syncing file systems". When you see the word "done", hit L1-A again and reboot. On systems with the "new" prom, type "n" to get into the new command mode and type "sync". _________________________________________________________________ 6.3) How do I find out how much physical memory a machine has? Use /usr/sbin/prtconf if the machine is running Solaris. If it's a sun4u running Solaris 8 or previous, /usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag is very helpful. It's /usr/sbin/prtdiag in Solaris 9 and later. On high-end machines, /usr/sbin/cfgadm -al can also provide memory information. The banner message on reboot (or type "banner" in the monitor on machines with Openboot proms) will usually report the amount of physical memory. Alternatively, you can open up the case and count SIMMS and/or memory boards. A perl script "memconf" is also available that identifies the sizes and locations of SIMM/DIMM memory modules installed in a Sun system. It also works on several SPARC clones and with Sun Explorer data. It is maintained by Tom Schmidt . Download memconf from http://www.4schmidts.com/unix.html _________________________________________________________________ 6.4) How do I find out what my machine's memory is being used for? How can I tell if I need more memory? To discover how much virtual memory (i.e. swap) is free, run "swap -s" or "vmstat". If you're using tmpfs for /tmp, "df /tmp" will also work. Discovering how physical memory is being used can be more difficult, however. Memory pages that are not being used by processes are used as a sort of extended cache, storing pages of memory-mapped files for possible later use. The kernel keeps only a small set of pages free for short-term use, and frees up more on demand. Hence the free memory reported by vmstat is not an accurate reflection, for example, of the amount of memory available for user processes. An easy way to determine whether or not your machine needs more memory is to run vmstat and examine the po (page out) column and the sr (scan rate) column. If these columns consistently show large numbers, this suggests that your machine does not have enough memory to support its current workload, and frequently needs to write pages belonging to active processes to disk in order to free up enough memory to run the current job. _________________________________________________________________ 6.5) Why do some files take up more disk space after being copied? Why are the sizes reported by ls -l and du different? Some files -- core files being one common example -- contain "holes", areas which were seeked over without being written. These files are called "sparse". When read back, these areas appear to contain zeros; however they do not occupy disk space. The "length" of such a file (as reported by "ls -l") will exceed its "size" (as reported by "ls -s" and reflected in the results of du or df). cp, cpio, and tar do not detect holes; they read and copy the zeros, and the resulting files will contain all-zero blocks (which occupy space) where the input files contained holes (which do not). dump will detect holes in the dumped files, and restore will reproduce them. Thanks to Perry Hutchison GNU tar has an "-S" option which preserves holes, and Joerg Schilling's "star" has "-sparse" and "-force_hole" options which can be used to preserve and re-insert holes, respectively. star is available for download at ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/star _________________________________________________________________ 7. HTTP and Anonymous FTP _________________________________________________________________ 7.1) * How do I set up anonymous ftp on my machine? See the ftpd man page, and follow its instructions. You will also need to set up nsswitch.conf in etc. However, you should consider using a different ftpd, such as http://www.wu-ftpd.org. Solaris "pkg" versions of proftpd and wuftpd are available at: http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/packages/solaris/sparc/ ftp://ftp.adelaide.edu.au/pub/4.3/ftpd-sirius.tar.Z The stock Sun ftpd will log some information if you add the "-l" flag in /etc/inetd.conf: ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/in.ftpd in.ftpd -l Warning: it will log passwords of ordinary users. Also enable syslogd by adding: daemon.info /var/adm/syslog to "/etc/syslog.conf". _________________________________________________________________ 7.2) + Where can I get a Web server for Solaris? The open-source Apache web server and related tools are available on the Solaris Software Companion CD, which is part of the media kit for the Solaris distribution. The contents of this CD are also available for free download at http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/freeware. Apache binaries can also be retrieved from the following sites and many others: * http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/freeware * ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/packages/solaris/sparc/ * http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html * http://sunfreeware.com The Sun Java System Web server is available for download from Sun at http://www.sun.com/software/products/web_srvr/home_web_srvr.xml; the Sun Java System Application Server is available for purchase from Sun at http://www.sun.com/software/products/appsrvr. _________________________________________________________________ 8. Consoles, Keyboards and Key Remapping _________________________________________________________________ 8.1) How do I make the numeric keypad on a sun keyboard work with xterm? You need to patch the /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm and $OPENWINHOME/lib/app-defaults/XTerm files as described in sun patch 100713-01 or later. Thanks to Margarita Suarez _________________________________________________________________ 8.2) How do I swap the CAPS LOCK and CONTROL keys on a sun keyboard? There are two ways to do it, one with xmodmap (for X11 only), and the other using keytables. Margarita Suarez suggests editing $OPENWINHOME/etc/keytables/US5.kt. There are two places where keys 119 (CapsLock) and 76 (Control) should be swapped: the MODMAP section and the KEYSYMMAP section. The latter is most important, because that's where the "Pseudo-Lock" function (which controls the locking behaviour of the key) is defined. Doug Hughes suggests using xmodmap with the following: remove Lock = Caps_Lock remove Control = Control_L keysym Control_L = Caps_Lock keysym Caps_Lock = Control_L add Lock = Caps_Lock add Control = Control_L In X11, you can change your keyboard layout as you please using the xkeycaps application, which allows you to edit and remap your keyboard on the fly, as well as save configurations to be sourced by xmodmap. xkeycaps is available from http://www.jwz.org/xkeycaps/ and in the contrib section of your friendly X11 source archive. Thanks to Dan Pritts for the info on xkeycaps. _________________________________________________________________ 8.3) How do I use a Windows PC for a Sun serial console? Wire up a serial cable from the Sun's serial cable to one of the PC serial ports. PC serial ports are usually (but not always) DB9 (9-pin), while Sun serial console ports are usually (but not always) 25-pin (DB25). You generally need to connect them through a "null modem adapter". For more information on serial ports, see Sunhelp's UNIX serial port resources page, at http://www.sunhelp.org/unix-serial-port-resources The next problem is that the version of Hyperterminal which comes with some versions of Windows cannot generate a BREAK signal. You can obtain a new version of Hyperterminal from http://www.hilgraeve.com/htpe/index.html There are many free alternative terminal programs. Special mention should be made of TeraTerm: http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA002416/teraterm.html which has been updated with SSH support as Teraterm Pro, which is available from http://www.ayera.com/teraterm For newer suns which support ALOM, a serial or telnet connection to the ALOM is generally preferable. A pinout of the serial RJ-45 ALOM connector can be found in Sun's "Sun Advanced Lights Out Manager (ALOM) 1.6 Administration Guide". Thanks to Harvey Wamboldt _________________________________________________________________ 9. Sun models and OS Versions _________________________________________________________________ 9.1) * Which Sun models run which versions of SunOS? SunOS 5.x = Solaris 2.x Sun dropped the "2." when Solaris (2.)7 came out. i.e. Solaris 7 = "Solaris 2.7" = SunOS 5.7, Solaris 8 = "Solaris 2.8" = SunOS 5.8 and so on. In the following list, the specified OS is the earliest supported on the specified hardware. Some CPU modules may require later OS versions than listed. * Ultra 1 model 140, 170: Solaris 2.5 * Ultra 1 model 140E, 170E, 200E: Solaris 2.5.1 * Ultra 2: Solaris 2.5.1 * Ultra 5,10,30,60,250,450: Solaris 2.5.1HW1297 or Solaris 2.6HW0398 * Ultra Enterprise: Solaris 2.5.1 * SunBlade 100, SunBlade 1000: Solaris 8HW1000 * SunBlade 150: Solaris 8 5/03; Solaris 9 4/03 * 3800, 4800, 4810, 6800: Solaris 8HW0401 * B100s: Solaris 8 12/02, Solaris 9 4/03 * V100: Solaris 8 2/02 * V120: Solaris 8 10/01 * V210, V240: Solaris 8 12/02, Solaris 9 4/04 * V250: Solaris 8 7/03, Solaris 9 8/03 * 280R: Solaris 8 2/02, Solaris 9 12/02 * V440: Solaris 8 7/03, Solaris 9 12/03 * V490,V890: Solaris 8 2/04, Solaris 9 4/04, Solaris 10 3/05 * V880: Solaris 8 10/01, Solaris 9 4/03 * E2900,E4900,E6900: Solaris 8 2/04, Solaris 9 4/04, Solaris 10 3/05 * B200x, v20z, v40z: Solaris 9 x86 4/04 * v20z,v40z single-core: Solaris 10 x86, Solaris 9 HW 4/05 x86 * v20z,v40z dual-core: Solaris 10 x86, Solaris 9 HW 9/05 x86 * X2100: Solaris 10 x86 * X4100,4200: Solaris 10 x86 3/05HW1 * T1000: Solaris 10 1/06 * T2000: Solaris 10 3/05HW2 9.2) How can my program tell what model Sun it is running on? On older suns, the model type is encoded in the hostid, and /usr/sbin/prtconf will reveal the model type. "Suntype", written by John DiMarco (jdd at cs.toronto.edu) is a shell script which does the appropriate thing on all suns. It is available for anonymous ftp at ftp://ftp.cs.toronto.edu/pub/jdd/suntype Alternatively, grab Michael Cooper's "sysinfo" program, which provides all sorts of information about a given system, including the machine type. sysinfo is available on the web at http://www.magnicomp.com/, although it is now a commercial product that is free only for educational and non-profit organizations. _________________________________________________________________ 9.3) How do I find out a Sun's boot prom revision? Type "banner" at the prom, or type "/usr/sbin/prtconf -V" to determine the prom revision of a particular machine. Alternatively, grab Michael Cooper's "sysinfo" program, which provides all sorts of information about a given system, including the prom revision. sysinfo is available on the web at http://www.magnicomp.com, although it is now a commercial product that is free only for educational and non-profit organizations. _________________________________________________________________ 9.4) * Which hardware/software is capable of 64-bit? Which is only 64-bit? How can I tell which is running? All UltraSPARC and SPARC64 (Primepower) hardware is capable of running in 64-bit mode; earlier SPARCs (HyperSPARC, SuperSPARC, etc.) are 32-bit only. Only some UltraSPARC-I, UltraSPARC-II, and UltraSPARC-II-i systems are capable of both 32-bit and 64-bit operation; later UltraSPARC systems are 64-bit only. Early UltraSPARC-I hardware (up to 200MHz) suffers from a bug where, in 64-bit mode, a certain code sequence can cause the processor to stall, and thus UltraSPARC-I machines run in 32-bit mode by default. To allow a 64-bit kernel on such a machine, edit/create /platform//boot.conf and add the line: ALLOW_64BIT_KERNEL_ON_UltraSPARC_1_CPU=true All Sun Opteron hardware is capable of both 64-bit and 32-bit operation, but Solaris x86 on some Opteron models (X2100, X4100, X4200) runs in 64-bit mode only. Sun Xeon and Pentium-III hardware are capable only of 32-bit operation. "isainfo -kv" or "isainfo -b" will indicate whether a system is running in 32-bit or 64-bit mode. _________________________________________________________________ 10. Miscellaneous Software _________________________________________________________________ 10.1) My remote ufsdump is failing with a "Protocol botched" message. What do I do? The problem produces output like the following: ... DUMP: Dumping /dev/rsd0a (/) to /dev/nrst8 on host foo DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files] DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories] DUMP: estimated 8232 blocks (4.02MB) on 0.00 tape(s). DUMP: Protocol to remote tape server botched (in rmtgets). rdump: Lost connection to remote host. DUMP: Bad return code from dump: 1 This occurs when something in .cshrc (or .profile) on the remote machine prints something to stdout or stderr (eg. stty, echo). The remote ufsdump command doesn't expect this, and chokes. Other commands which use the rsh protocol (eg. rdist, rtar) may also be affected. The way to get around this is to add the following line near the beginning of .cshrc, before any command that might send something to stdout or stderr: if ( ! $?prompt ) exit This causes .cshrc to exit when prompt isn't set, which distinguishes between remote commands (eg. rdump, rsh) where these variables are not set, and interactive sessions (eg. rlogin) where they are. _________________________________________________________________ 10.2) * Where can I get a C compiler for Solaris? Sun's "Studio" compiler suite can be obtained at http://www.sun.com/software/products/studio. Various third-party commercial SPARC compilers are also available, including: * http://www.ghs.com * http://www.apogee.com * http://www.windriver.com * http://www.pgroup.com * http://www.intel.com (Solaris x86 only) The open-source GCC compiler and related tools are available on the Solaris Software Companion CD, which is part of the media kit for the Solaris distribution. The contents of this CD are also available for free download at http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/freeware Thanks to Eric Boutilier GCC binaries can be retrieved from the following sites and many others: * http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/freeware * ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/packages/solaris/sparc/ * http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html * http://sunfreeware.com More information on this topic is available at http://www.kevininscoe.com/geek/sun/compilesun/ Thanks to Kevin Inscoe _________________________________________________________________ 10.3) How do I read Microsoft Word documents on my Sun? You can obtain some of the raw content of the document by using the "strings" command. Note that Word documents (and documents produced by other Microsoft Office programs, like Excel) can sometimes contain hidden information that is not normally accessible from Word, but is visible using "strings" (this can be a good reason not to distribute documents in MS Office formats). It is possible to run some versions of Microsoft Word on your Sun, using Bochs, WABI, SoftWindows, WinCenter, WinDD, SunPC, or some other Windows integration product. You can use a word-processor that can import the various MS Word formats. For example, Word Perfect from Corel Corporation is capable of reading and saving in various MS Word formats. Word Perfect is available for several versions of UNIX, including SPARC/Solaris 2.x. Sun's StarOffice is available for various operating systems, including Solaris/SPARC, from http://www.sun.com/staroffice. OpenOffice is also freely available for Solaris x86 and SPARC from http://www.openoffice.org. From a PC/Mac, you can print postscript output to a file, and view the postscript on the Sun using docviewer or ghostscript/ghostview. Thomas Anders points out that LAOLA (a Perl4 package that can read Word6 and Word7 format is available on the web at http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~schwartz/pmh/. Another option (suggested by Thomas ) is a GPL-licensed command-line utility called "antiword". His mutt mailcap file is setup as follows: application/msword; antiword %s; copiousoutput; description="Microsoft Word Tex t"; nametemplate=%s.doc Antiword is available from http://www.winfield.demon.nl. _________________________________________________________________ 10.4) How do I restore to a different location the contents of a tarfile created with absolute pathnames? Tarfiles should not normally be created with absolute pathnames, only with relative pathnames. Do not type "tar c /path/name" to create a tar archive, type "(cd /path; tar c name)" instead. Note: if you do "(cd /path/name; tar c .)", you will indeed avoid absolute pathnames, but beware that the tarfile created may silently overwrite the permissions of the current directory when unpacked. That's OK if you unpack it via: "mkdir name; cd name; tar xf /my/tarfile.tar That's not OK if you unpack it via: "cd /tmp; tar xf /my/tarfile.tar" It's not OK because you will change the permissions of /tmp. If you do have an archive created with absolute pathnames, you can unpack it in a different location by using GNU's version of tar, which will strip off the leading /. Alternatively, you can use pax to strip off the leading /, as follows: pax -r -s '/^\///' and Stephen Kives _________________________________________________________________ 11. Miscellaneous Hardware _________________________________________________________________ 11.1) * How come my mouse occasionally doesn't work? If it is a mechanical mouse, it may need cleaning. Open up the bottom panel by rotating it, and remove the mouse ball. Clean the mouse ball. With a Q-tip, clean off any grime on the rotors inside the mouse. _________________________________________________________________ 11.2) How can I turn my old sun into an X-Terminal? You can simply replace the ttymon entry for the console in /etc/inittab with a command that starts up an X server. _________________________________________________________________ 11.3) * How can I use an SVGA monitor on my Sun? Some older suns use a 13W3 video connector, which looks something like this: ----------------- \ O O ::::: O / ------------- A simple adapter will connect a Sun to a SVGA multi-sync monitor, providing the monitor (like most better monitors these days) will accept composite sync and operate in 1152x900 66 Hz (or whatever output your sun produces) mode. (Check the manufacturer's data sheets, usually on the Web.) Similarly, adapters are available to connect Sun 13W3 monitors to PCs or newer Suns with SVGA connectors. Adapters are available from many vendors: search for 13W3 on Google. This and many other interesting facts about Sun video are answered in the Framebuffer FAQ, at one of: * http://www.uark.edu/sunfaq/FrameBuffer.html * http://bul.eecs.umich.edu/~crowej/sunfaq/FrameBuffer.html A related FAQ by the same person is the Colormap FAQ at one of: * http://www.uark.edu/sunfaq/ColormapFAQ.html * http://bul.eecs.umich.edu/~crowej/sunfaq/ColormapFAQ.html _________________________________________________________________ 11.4) Where can I find alternate pointing devices for my Sun? Bert N. Sure claims that Mousetrak makes an excellent line of pointing devices. The url is "">http://www.mousetrak.com". SunExpress (http://sunexpress.usec.sun.com) and Qualix (http://www.qualix.com) distribute them. Bert uses the top-of-the-line "Evolution" trackball, which has six user-definable buttons and a large ball which is manufactured by a billiard ball company in Belgium. For 3-D input, SunExpress (http://sunexpress.usec.sun.com) sells the SpaceBall 3003, in addition to the standard Sun "SunDials" product. Dan Pritts indicates that one can buy a box from sun called the sun interface converter for $75 that allows you to use a ps/2-style keyboard or pointing device, or both, and still use your sun keyboard or mouse. In particular, the sun interface converter supports the Microsoft "natural keyboard". _________________________________________________________________ 12. Networking _________________________________________________________________ 12.1) Why do both my net interfaces have the same ethernet address? The Ethernet version 2.0 specification (November 1982) states: The physical address of each station is set by network management to a unique value associated with the station, and distinct from the address of any other station on any Ethernet. The setting of the station's physical address by network management allows multiple multiple data link controllers connected to a single station to respond to the same physical address. This doesn't normally constitute a problem because each interface will typically be on a different subnet. If, for some reason, different ethernet addresses are required on different interfaces (for example, to attach two interfaces to the same subnet), a new one may be assigned using the ifconfig command. Alternatively, for all modern Sun hardware, you can set the "local-mac-address?" eeprom variable to "true", which will cause each NIC to use a unique MAC address. This is needed for many failover and trunking configurations. _________________________________________________________________ 12.2) How can I know the hardware vendor from an ethernet address? The first three octets of a six-octet ethernet address typically uniquely identifies the hardware vendor of the particular network interface card. This is called the "Organizationally Unique Identifier" (OUI). OUI information, including the most recent list of public OUIs can be found at http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui Note that it is possible that an unidentified OUI could be used, since vendors are not required to make their OUIs public, and many network interfaces, including Suns, can be configured to use a custom ethernet address, so there is no guarantee that the OUI will correctly identify the vendor. _________________________________________________________________ 12.3) * How do I set my ethernet interface to e.g. 100Mb full duplex? The answer to this question assumes you have an hme ethernet interface; similar techniques should work for other ethernet interfaces; consult the man page for the ethernet driver (e.g. if you have an eri driver, "man eri") for more details. If you are not sure which ethernet driver is in use, "ifconfig -a" will tell you. For example, if ifconfig -a shows e.g. "hme0", you have an hme ethernet interface. All of Sun's ethernet network interfaces faster than 10Mbits are capable of negotiating with a network switch; if this is working, the ethernet interface will automatically choose the fastest supported setting. However, this may not necessarily work with some networking gear, or there may be some other reason to choose a slower setting, e.g. cat3 wiring. If the two ends have different ideas about what mode the link is, you may see "late collision" messages, dropped packets, or complete failure. To force a particular mode, e.g. 100Mb FD, you can use ndd as follows: # turn off autonegotiation ndd -set /dev/hme adv_autoneg_cap 0 # turn on 100Mb full-duplex capability ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1 # turn off 100Mb half-duplex capability ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100hdx_cap 0 # turn off 10Mb full-duplex capability ndd -set /dev/hme adv_10fdx_cap 0 # turn off 10Mb half-duplex capability ndd -set /dev/hme adv_10hdx_cap 0 You may have to force the other end (e.g. switch) to use the same mode. Consult the manual for your switch. NB: Fast ethernet hubs are always 100Mb half-duplex, and ethernet hubs are always 10Mb half-duplex. If you have more than one hme card in your system, before issuing the above ndd commands, you need to first select the specific hme card you want to set. For example, to select hme2, type: ndd -set /dev/hme instance 2 Subsequent ndd commands to /dev/hme will only apply to hme2. If you want to force all the hme cards on your system to a specific mode at machine boot, you can set hme driver variables in /etc/system. For example, to force all hme cards on the system to use 100Mbit FD, put the following in /etc/system: set hme:hme_adv_autoneg_cap=0 set hme:hme_adv_100fdx_cap=1 set hme:hme_adv_100hdx_cap=0 set hme:hme_adv_10hdx_cap=0 set hme:hme_adv_10fdx_cap=0 _________________________________________________________________ 12.4) How do I find out what process is using a particular port? Ports are held open in the same way as files are, by file handles within the process. In most states, a port will also have a handle into another process on the other side of that connection. If you need to find out which process is holding open a particular port, run lsof (ftp://ftp.cerias.purdue.edu/pub/tools/unix/sysutils/lsof) and grep for the port number. Thanks to Stuart Whitby _________________________________________________________________ 12.5) I have a lot of ports in WAIT states. Why? The state of sockets can be seen with the "netstat -a" command. When a process attempts to close an ESTABLISHED connection, the transition will show a number of WAIT states, depending on which stage of the shutdown the port is at. When the initial FIN is sent from side a) of the connection, side a) will change to FIN_WAIT_1, side b) will change to CLOSE_WAIT, and acknowledge the FIN packet. The acknowledgement causes side a) to change to FIN_WAIT_2. A socket will rarely be in FIN_WAIT_1 for more than a couple of seconds unless there is a problem with communications. In this state, data may still be sent from side b) to side a), but not vice versa. When side b) receives a close from the associated application, or the FIN_WAIT_2_FLUSH_INTERVAL is reached without data being sent, it will send a FIN and change to LAST_ACK. Side a) moves to TIME_WAIT upon receiving this FIN and acknowledges the packet, causing any references to this connection on side b) to disappear. The socket in TIME_WAIT will remain for twice the maximum segment lifetime (normally a total of four minutes) before dropping, in case dropped data packets are resent and misinterpreted by a new application on this port. Thanks to Stuart Whitby _________________________________________________________________ 13. Electronic Mail _________________________________________________________________ 13.1) * Where can I get a POP or IMAP server for my sun? The PINE email package comes with both a POP and an IMAP server. PINE can be found at http://www.washington.edu/imap. An old, unmaintained Berkeley popd can be found at ftp://ftp.cc.berkeley.edu/pub/pop (not recommended), and Casper Dik's enhanced version of this for Solaris is found at ftp://ftp.fwi.uva.nl/pub/solaris/. A POP server can also be found as part of the Eudora ftp repository, at ftp://ftp.qualcomm.com/quest/unix/servers. A faster alternative is the CMU Cyrus IMAP server, which changes the mailbox format to something that is more efficient. It can be found at ftp://ftp.andrew.cmu.edu/pub/cyrus-mail. The Courier IMAP daemon also takes a similar approach; it's available at http://www.courier-mta.org/imap. Finally, Dovecot takes an intermediate approach by using the standard mailbox format but adding some autogenerated index files; Dovecot is available at http://dovecot.org. If a commercial package is desired, there are many, including Sun's Internet Mail Server. See http://www.sun.com _________________________________________________________________ 14. Printing _________________________________________________________________ 14.1) + How do I get started with LP-style printing in Solaris? Printing is configured using the "lpadmin" interface, which is extensively documented. For a general overview, however, start with the basic principles of Solaris printing, documented at http://developers.sun.com/solaris/articles/basicprinting.html, and the Solaris printing FAQ, at http://www.freelab.net/unix/sun/solarisfaq/printfaq.html. More information about printing in Solaris is available at http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/printing/history. _________________________________________________________________ 14.2) How do I configure a non-postscript printer for postscript? Use the Printer Compatibility Database at http://www.linuxprinting.org (http://www.linuxprinting.org/database.html) to find out if a ghostscript driver is available for your non-PS printer. Then you can use ghostscript to translate postscript to something the printer can understand. There are various "any2ps" scripts and packages around (apsfilter, cups, foomatic, magicfilter). Ghostscript and foomatic are bundled in Solaris 10. Apsfilter in particular is one of the most flexible filters available: the most recent version can be found at http://www.apsfilter.org. For Solaris 2.x or later, you will need to add a BSD-style printing package such as LPRng (http://www.lprng/org): the system-V-style "lp" printing package that comes with Solaris will not easily work with apsfilter. Thanks to Andreas Klemm for this information. A much older version of APSfilter was posted to comp.sources.misc as part of volume 42, and is available from a comp.sources.misc archive site (eg. ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/comp.sources.misc/volume42/apsfilter). If you are using Solaris, follow Alexander V. Panasyuk's instructions in http://cfauvcs5.harvard.edu/SetGSprinter4Solaris.html _________________________________________________________________ 15. Misc System Administration _________________________________________________________________ 15.1) I've forgotten the root password; how can I recover? You need to have access to the machine's console. 1. Note the root partition (e.g. /dev/sd0a or /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0) 2. Hit STOP-A or L1-A (or, on an ASCII terminal or emulator, send a ) to halt the operating system, if it's running. 3. Boot single-user from CD-ROM (boot cdrom -s) or network install/jumpstart server (boot net -s) (NB: if it asks you for a prom password, see below.) 4. Mount the root partition (e.g. /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0) on "/a". "/a" is an empty mount point that exists at this stage of the installation procedure. (mount /dev/dsk/c0t3d0s0 /a) 5. Set your terminal type so you can use a full-screen editor, e.g. vi. (you can skip this step if you know how to use "ex" or "vi" from open mode). If you're on a sun console, type "TERM=sun; export TERM"; if you're using an ascii terminal (or terminal emulator on a PC) for your console, set TERM to the terminal type (e.g. TERM=vt100; export TERM). 6. Edit the passwd file (/a/etc/passwd for SunOS 4.x, /a/etc/passwd.adjunct for SunOS 4.x with shadow passwords/C2 security), /a/etc/shadow for Solaris 2.x and remove the encrypted password entry for root 7. cd to /; Type "umount /a" 8. reboot as normal in single-user mode ("boot -s"). The root account will not have a password. Give it a new one using the passwd command. Thanks to Stefan Voss PROM passwords: Naturally, you may not want anyone with physical access to the machine to be able to do the above to erase the root password. Suns have a security password mechanism in the PROM which can be set (this is turned off by default). The man page for the eeprom command describes this feature. If security-mode is set to "command", the machine only be booted without the prom password from the default device (i.e. booting from CD-ROM or install server will require the prom password). Changing the root password in this case requires moving the default device (e.g. the boot disk) to a different SCSI target (or equivalent), and replacing it with a similarly bootable device for which the root password is known. If security-mode is set to full, the machine cannot be booted without the prom password, even from the default device; defeating this requires replacing the NVRAM on the motherboard. "Full" security has its drawbacks -- if, during normal operations, the machine is power-cycled (e.g. by a power outage) or halted (e.g. by STOP-A), it cannot reboot without the intervention of someone who knows the prom password. _________________________________________________________________ 15.2) How do I disable/remap STOP-A/L1-A? First, be sure you want to do this. If the problem is that users are halting and rebooting the machine, note that disabling STOP-A will merely prompt them to powercycle the machine (or remove and re-insert the keyboard plug) instead. This is actually worse. But if you're sure you want to do this, compile and run this little program. /* Enable or disable abort sequence. John DiMarco */ #include #include #include #include #ifdef FILENAME_MAX #include #include #else /* !FILENAME_MAX */ #include #include #endif /* !FILENAME_MAX */ #define ERR -1 #define DISABLE 0 #define ENABLE 1 #define KEYBOARD "/dev/kbd" main(argc,argv) int argc; char *argv[]; { static struct kiockey k; int fd, mode=ERR; if(2==argc){ switch(*(argv[1])){ case 'e': mode=ENABLE; break; case 'd': mode=DISABLE; break; } } if(ERR==mode){ printf("Usage: %s [enable|disable]\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } if(0>(fd=open(KEYBOARD, O_RDWR))){ perror(KEYBOARD); exit(1); } k.kio_tablemask = KIOCABORT1; k.kio_station=mode; (void)ioctl(fd, KIOCSETKEY, &k); printf("Abort sequence is now %s.\n", mode?"enabled":"disabled"); } Stefan Voss points out that in Solaris 2.6 or later, you can type "kbd -a enable|disable" or put "KEYBOARD_ABORT=enable|disable" in /etc/default/kbd. As of Solaris 2.6 with patch 105924-10 installed, Solaris 7 with patch 107589-02 installed, or Solaris 8, you can also set the abort sequence to the Alternate Break character sequence (" ~ ", with at least half a second between characters, and at most 5 seconds for the whole string) with the command "kbd -a alternate", or by putting "KEYBOARD_ABORT=alternate" into /etc/default/kbd. Alternatively, you can disable all break signals by putting the line: set abort_enable=0 into /etc/system, and rebooting. Thanks to Dan Astoorian _________________________________________________________________ 15.3) How do I manage services in Solaris 10 and later? Do I still make links in /etc/rc*.d? In Solaris 10 build s10_64 and later, Sun introduced the service management facility (smf) which makes /etc/init.d and /etc/rc?.d scripts "legacy". Management of the services is now done through svc* commands. The legacy init.d scripts are now specified as running in run-level "milestone". From the man pages: * /etc/rcS.d (milestone/single-user:default) * /etc/rc2.d (milestone/multi-user:default) * /etc/rc3.d (milestone/multi-user-server:default) Each service name is now named with a Fault Management Resource Identifier (FMRI) with the scheme "svc:". For example, the sendmail service would have be "svc:/network/smtp:sendmail". You can also abbreviate the FMRI by using the instance name (e.g. sendmail) or using the last parts of the service name like: * sendmail * :sendmail * smtp:sendmail To check all services in the machine, run "svcs -a". From the list, you can enable and disable services through "svcadm". To disable, use "svcadm disable [options] ". For example: svcadm disable svc:/network/smtp:sendmail or svcadm disable sendmail One useful option is "-t", to temporarily disable the service until reboot. To enable, use "svcadm enable [options] ". For example: svcadm enable svc:/network/smtp:sendmail Useful options are "-r" to enable the service including all dependencies, and "-t" to temporarily disable the service until reboot. Dependencies and other information on the service can be invoked via "svcs -l " As an alternative to using "ps" to check service processes, you can now use "svcs -p " to list the processes associated with the service. For further information, check the man pages on smf, svcs, svcadm and svcfg. Thanks to Neil Quiogue From darko at drgnetworks.com Sat Feb 2 09:14:38 2008 From: darko at drgnetworks.com (Darko Gavrilovic) Date: Sat, 2 Feb 2008 09:14:38 -0500 Subject: disk errors and unable to format Message-ID: <720b99aa0802020614y24062eb8ga9f504eeb2b02f4@mail.gmail.com> Hello, I have a V440 which is having disk issues. Wondering if someone might be able to give tell me if the disk 2 is completely failed or there is a work around? --- # format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c1t0d0 /pci at 1f,700000/scsi at 2/sd at 0,0 1. c1t1d0 /pci at 1f,700000/scsi at 2/sd at 1,0 2. c1t2d0 /pci at 1f,700000/scsi at 2/sd at 2,0 3. c1t3d0 /pci at 1f,700000/scsi at 2/sd at 3,0 --- I can manually force it to identify the disk as type SUN3 6G and then I can still read the layout. but, when i try to format, i get the following. --- Formatting... 00% complete done Warning: Unable to get capacity. Cannot check geometry Warning: error writing VTOC. Medium error during read: block 0 (0x0) (0/0/0) ASC: 0x31 ASCQ: 0x0 Warning: error reading backup label. Medium error during read: block 0 (0x0) (0/0/0) ASC: 0x31 ASCQ: 0x0 Warning: error reading backup label. Medium error during read: block 0 (0x0) (0/0/0) ASC: 0x31 ASCQ: 0x0 Warning: error reading backup label. Medium error during read: block 0 (0x0) (0/0/0) ASC: 0x31 ASCQ: 0x0 --- -- With kind regards, Darko Gavrilovic DRG Networks Tel: 416-550-5701 Web: http://www.drgnetworks.com From betsy.schwartz at gmail.com Sun Feb 3 21:24:04 2008 From: betsy.schwartz at gmail.com (Elizabeth Schwartz) Date: Sun, 3 Feb 2008 21:24:04 -0500 Subject: Solaris 10 u4 (10/07) install_cluster - "Return Code 1" - and zones must be on? Message-ID: Is anyone else having difficulties patching Solaris 10 u4? I'm getting many spurious "Return Code 1" messages from install_cluster, which I would claim shouldn't have any Code 1 errors at all. Most of them seem like they should be #2, but some of them are zone errors. Install_cluster claims that the "-t" flag should restore return code behavior to the previous version, but it has no effect. And if the result codes have changed where's the documentation for the new result codes?!? Also, why, when a system is in single-user mode, is it necessary for zones to be booted? The files are all on the disk, why does the zone need to be up? Betsy (feeling a bit uncertain about whether my u4 box is well and truly patched, here) From grove at zeta.org.au Sun Feb 3 21:38:10 2008 From: grove at zeta.org.au (grove at zeta.org.au) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 13:38:10 +1100 (EST) Subject: SUMMARY: Help with unbootable T2000 Message-ID: Hi, thanks to everyone who replied. Mostly it was reassuring that I could actually do this. My big fear was that the T2000 would lose all its SAN config, Zones and Zvols but as it turned out it was simpler in that respect than the actual restore. I had 2 failed attempts at getting this system up again before coming across an old Summary from 2006, that solved it for me. http://www.sunmanagers.org/pipermail/summaries/2006-March/007141.html As I found out, gtar seemed to lose something. CPIO worked great. Also, the LVM on Solaris 10 is a little more complex than SDS. I had changed the vfstab to remove the LVM metadevs and edited the /etc/system to remove the rootdev entry, but failed to clear out /etc/lvm, which meant that I had a weird corruption and panic after my first attempt. Clearing LVM completely and using a CPIO restore fixed the system for me and it is back in production. I still have to put LVM mirroring back but I will wait till tomorrow. Having a netboot really helps...... ....so does RSC/ALOM/CMT/&c.... Not being able to use Legato recover in a netboot scenario is a hassle. I had to restore to another boot server that had space, boot net -sw and then mount my restore via NFS to cpio back to my root disk. I guess if someone can make Legato work in a netboot they will become a gazillionaire. The gtar/cpio took many, many hours to complete.... Thanks again - this list is consistently an arse-saver..... (ass-saver for the yanks) ;) rachel -- Rachel Polanskis Kingswood, Greater Western Sydney, Australia grove at zeta.org.au http://www.zeta.org.au/~grove/grove.html The price of greatness is responsibility. From christian.masopust at siemens.com Mon Feb 4 02:35:53 2008 From: christian.masopust at siemens.com (Masopust, Christian) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 08:35:53 +0100 Subject: Problems with VolumeManager and mirroring swap in Solaris 10 Message-ID: <60721B67EAF0994EAFFB561767B700140256558E@nets13ha.ww300.siemens.net> Hi all, I've set up a new Solaris 10 on a Sun-Fire V240 having 2 identical internal disks. After installing the January 2008 recomended patches I tried to setup mirroring of the system disk. Mirroring of all partitions works fine but when I try to setup mirror of swap I run into problems. Creating of first part of the mirror (metainit -f d10 c1t0d0s1) and the mirror itself (metainit d1 -m d10) works fine and after a reboot I see the metadevice is fine. But when I attach the second part of the mirror the system is resyncing for some time, then the system will get no responding for appr. 2 or 3 hours and when it's accessible again (seems that resync is then finished) I see the metadevice being in maintenance-stat (both partitions of the mirror for swap). Anyone else seeing this behaviour in Solaris 10? Any idea how to solve this? Thanks a lot, christian ___________________________________________________________ Christian Masopust SIEMENS AG SIS PSE TMF Tel: +43 (0) 5 1707 26866 E-mail: christian.masopust at siemens.com Addr: Austria, 1210 Vienna, Siemensstra_e 90-92, B. 33, Rm. 243 Leader of the RUGA Firma: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vsterreich, Rechtsform: Aktiengesellschaft, Sitz: Wien, Firmenbuchnummer: FN 60562 m, Firmenbuchgericht: Handelsgericht Wien, DVR 0001708 ___________________________________________________________ From ksonmez at oytek.com.tr Mon Feb 4 03:00:30 2008 From: ksonmez at oytek.com.tr (Koray Sonmez) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 10:00:30 +0200 Subject: C compiler for Solaris 10 In-Reply-To: <60721B67EAF0994EAFFB561767B700140256558E@nets13ha.ww300.siemens.net> References: <60721B67EAF0994EAFFB561767B700140256558E@nets13ha.ww300.siemens.net> Message-ID: <96E68311E829E147865DC064BE1346CF954F94@oytexc01.oytek.com.tr> Hi, I installed solaris 10 but it seems no C compiller comes with solaris 10 so how to install it? Thanks, Koray Bu e-mail'in tum icerigi gonderenin kisisel tasarrufu ile olusturulmus ve gonderilmistir. Oyak Teknoloji Bilisim ve Kart Hizmetleri A.S. bu e-mail icerigi hakkinda sorumluluk kabul etmez. This e-mail has been sent by the sender under his/her own individual discretion. Oyak Teknoloji Bilisim ve Kart Hizmetleri A.S. accepts no responsibility. From Geir.Kristensen at fujitsu-siemens.com Mon Feb 4 06:50:54 2008 From: Geir.Kristensen at fujitsu-siemens.com (Kristensen, Geir) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 12:50:54 +0100 Subject: /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: On one Solaris 8 server we get"/usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock" A look in to sunsolve doesn't help much as it seem like this is solved once and for all long time ago Server is nfs server for just one other Solaris 8 server, and the sharing is woking just fine Jan 7 14:16:39 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 7 20:21:49 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 9 04:15:51 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 9 19:48:52 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 10 15:57:54 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 18 20:27:36 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 21 06:33:09 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 29 11:35:35 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 30 03:58:35 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Jan 30 08:09:35 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Feb 2 04:23:39 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Feb 3 00:34:41 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Feb 3 21:18:42 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock Feb 4 07:15:43 serverx inetd[181]: [ID 858011 daemon.warning] /usr/lib/nfs/rquotad: Alarm Clock > uname -a SunOS serverx 5.8 Generic_117350-27 sun4u sparc SUNW,Sun-Fire-V240 > cat /etc/release Solaris 8 2/04 s28s_hw4wos_05a SPARC Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Assembled 08 January 2004 Rgds Geir From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Mon Feb 4 08:00:53 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 14:00:53 +0100 Subject: Accessing ZFS volumes after reinstall Message-ID: <37CC50DE-D321-11DC-9C50-000393CA0072@smartsoft.de> Dear managers, we have attached a D1000 to a SF 280 and created a zfs pool for the home dirs as follows: zpool create tank mirror c1t0d0 c1t1d0 zfs create tank/home zfs set mountpoint=/home tank/home zfs share tank/home c1t0d0 and c1t1d0 are the first two SCSI disks of the D1000. I am wondering what I had to do if the two fibre channel disks (mirrored boot device) died and I had to reinstall the OS on new built-in disks. How would I get access to the existing home dirs on the D1000 after reinstalling the OS on the system disks? Thanks a lot! Regards, Andreas From johnladd68 at googlemail.com Mon Feb 4 08:08:16 2008 From: johnladd68 at googlemail.com (DC GVA) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 14:08:16 +0100 Subject: Sub gigabit ethernet speeds on gigabit interfaces Message-ID: Hello, We have two V490s between which we would like to achieve the fastest possible ethernet connection. Both the built in interfaces, and the additional 4 port network card are meant to be gigabit, but our measurements have rarely shown more than 450Mb/s. We would like to see at least around 800Mb/s. We have a single CISCO 2960G switch in between the machines on which we see no errors or congestion, all interfaces are set to gig. We have been using iPerf for the measurements. We have tried the tuning suggestions here: http://www.psc.edu/networking/projects/tcptune/#Solaris but it seems to make things worse (100Mb/s). We are using Solaris 10 patched around 2 months ago with all the latest patches. Someone suggested this maybe due to the bus speed. All interfaces appear to be on the 33MHz PCI bus. We do not have any free 66MHz slots for the external NIC: Bus Max IO Port Bus Freq Bus Dev, Type ID Side Slot MHz Freq Func State Name Model ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -------------------------------- ---------------------- PCI 8 B 3 33 33 3,0 ok pci-pci8086,537c.7/network (netw+ PCI-BRIDGE PCI 8 B 3 33 33 0,0 ok network-pci100b,35.30 SUNW,pci-x-qge/pci-bri+ PCI 8 B 3 33 33 1,0 ok network-pci100b,35.30 SUNW,pci-x-qge/pci-bri+ PCI 8 B 3 33 33 2,0 ok network-pci100b,35.30 SUNW,pci-x-qge/pci-bri+ PCI 8 B 3 33 33 3,0 ok network-pci100b,35.30 SUNW,pci-x-qge/pci-bri+ PCI 8 A 0 66 66 1,0 ok SUNW,emlxs-pci10df,fc10/fp (fp) LP11000-S PCI 8 A 1 66 66 2,0 ok SUNW,emlxs-pci10df,fc10/fp (fp) LP11000-S My question - What is the maximum speed I can expect in such a configuration, and how to achieve it? A sub question may be - Is iPerf the best way to test the speed, and if not can someone suggest something else? Thanks in advance. John From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Mon Feb 4 08:10:57 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 14:10:57 +0100 Subject: Mounting disk after booting from cdrom Message-ID: <9FE20C88-D322-11DC-9C50-000393CA0072@smartsoft.de> Dear managers, I am playing with a Solaris machine to get some practice in rescuing died file systems. I booted the machine from disk into single user mode and ran fsck -F ufs /dev/md/rdsk/d0 The file system check went through. I now want to mount the disk read write to e.g. reset the root password or delete /etc/defaultdomain. I tried mount /dev/md/rdsk/d0 /a and got "No block device". I tried mount /dev/md/dsk/d0 /a and got "Mount point /a" does not exist". I tried mount /dev/md/dsk/d0 /tmp and got "/tmp is already used". I also tried "mkdir /a" but this fails with "filesystem is read only". :-( What am I doing wrong? Thanks, Andreas From shannon_adams68 at yahoo.com Mon Feb 4 10:48:19 2008 From: shannon_adams68 at yahoo.com (Shannon Adams) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 07:48:19 -0800 (PST) Subject: Installing Ghostscript on Solaris 10 Message-ID: <982474.50243.qm@web52912.mail.re2.yahoo.com> Running Solaris 10 3/05 s10_74L2a SPARC I need to install Ghostscript on this box and can't seem to locate a version that I know is compatible with Solaris 10. Can someone point me to a download link and instructions on how to install it? Thanks, Shannon ____________________________________________________________________________________ Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now. http://mobile.yahoo.com/;_ylt=Ahu06i62sR8HDtDypao8Wcj9tAcJ From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Mon Feb 4 10:53:09 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 16:53:09 +0100 Subject: Mounting disk after booting from cdrom In-Reply-To: <9FE20C88-D322-11DC-9C50-000393CA0072@smartsoft.de> Message-ID: <48A5834D-D339-11DC-9C50-000393CA0072@smartsoft.de> Dear managers, thanks for all the responses. Unfortunately none of the hints did the trick so far. In the meanwhile I learned that the boot dvd (probably) has an empty dir /a so that one can do mount ... /a after booting from cdrom. I tried the above mount statement after booting from disk (fsck failed, dropped to command line). That of course didn't work since there was no /a on the hard disk and since the file system was still read only I was not able to create the mount point and thus was lost. I learn from that that one always needs to boot from cdrom in case of any trouble. However, I was not able to mount after booting from cdrom either. Most of you informed me that /dev/md/dsk/d0 wouldn't work since SVM is not loaded at this stage. It was recommended to use mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 /a instead. But this also fails with /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 is alread mounted or /a is in use I tried the /var slice mkdir /tmp/a mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 /tmp/a and got I/O Error Cannot mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s3 Can this really be so hard? :-( Thanks, Andreas > I am playing with a Solaris machine to get some practice in rescuing > died file systems. I booted the machine from disk into single user mode > and ran > > fsck -F ufs /dev/md/rdsk/d0 > > The file system check went through. I now want to mount the disk read > write to e.g. reset the root password or delete /etc/defaultdomain. I > tried > > mount /dev/md/rdsk/d0 /a > > and got "No block device". I tried > > mount /dev/md/dsk/d0 /a > > and got "Mount point /a" does not exist". I tried > > mount /dev/md/dsk/d0 /tmp > > and got "/tmp is already used". I also tried "mkdir /a" but this fails > with "filesystem is read only". :-( > > What am I doing wrong? > > Thanks, > > Andreas > _______________________________________________ > sunmanagers mailing list > sunmanagers at sunmanagers.org > http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Mon Feb 4 11:40:40 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 17:40:40 +0100 Subject: Summary: Mounting disk after booting from cdrom In-Reply-To: <6609877.1202144643208.SLOX.WebMail.wwwrun@ossi70.ossi.net> Message-ID: Dear mangers, thanks to all your responses: When booting from cdrom with "boot cdrom -s" the SVM stuff is not loaded so mount /dev/md/rdsk/d0 /a does not work. However, mount /dev/dsk/cXtXdXs0 /a should work. The reason why it did not for me first was that I used c0t0d0s0. A call of format revealed that I should have used c1t0d0s0 instead. I could not mount mount /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0 /a either since the filesystem was unclean. Unfortunately "fsck -F ufs /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0" was not able to repair the filesystem. I get "unrepairable cyinder". I have given up on c1t0t0d0. Thankfully the really valuable data is in slice 6. I will therefore reinstall Solaris 10 in c1t0d0s0 and then mount /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s6 in order to copy the data over the network to another machine. Thanks for all your help! Regards, Andreas >>> I am playing with a Solaris machine to get some practice in rescuing >>> died file systems. I booted the machine from disk into single user >>> mode >>> and ran >>> >>> fsck -F ufs /dev/md/rdsk/d0 >>> >>> The file system check went through. I now want to mount the disk read >>> write to e.g. reset the root password or delete /etc/defaultdomain. I >>> tried >>> >>> mount /dev/md/rdsk/d0 /a >>> >>> and got "No block device". I tried >>> >>> mount /dev/md/dsk/d0 /a >>> >>> and got "Mount point /a" does not exist". I tried >>> >>> mount /dev/md/dsk/d0 /tmp >>> >>> and got "/tmp is already used". I also tried "mkdir /a" but this >>> fails >>> with "filesystem is read only". :-( >>> >>> What am I doing wrong? From jesse-carroll at usa.net Mon Feb 4 11:41:57 2008 From: jesse-carroll at usa.net (JESSE CARROLL) Date: Mon, 04 Feb 2008 11:41:57 -0500 Subject: newfs with "-m 0" Message-ID: <435mBDqO67438S15.1202143317@cmsweb15.cms.usa.net> All, A colleague and I have been having a discussion about using the newfs b-mb option (AKA make_ufs bo free). In the past (on at least HPUX) using b-m 0b could lead to rather interesting results if the file system really goes to 100%. I was told (more years ago than I want to think about) that b-m 1b is the lowest you should use. Using b-m 0b does create a bit larger file system. What is a best practice for this? JC From shabeer.vvs at wipro.com Mon Feb 4 11:53:41 2008 From: shabeer.vvs at wipro.com (shabeer.vvs at wipro.com) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 22:23:41 +0530 Subject: sarto find out total memory usage in solaris 8 References: Message-ID: I am trying to find out total memory usage in solaris 8. Is this sar output value in Megabytes ? # sar -r -f sa25 00:00:00 freemem freeswap 01:00:00 172847 14303687 02:00:00 172816 14301232 22:00:00 172680 14304828 23:00:01 172676 14304467 Average 172674 14302768 Average value of freemem is 172674 . Is this value in Megabytes? >From this value can we calculate total memory utilized for this day? like totalmem - freemem = usedmem Please help me in this regard? Regards, VVSHA Please do not print this email unless it is absolutely necessary. Spread environmental awareness. The information contained in this electronic message and any attachments to this message are intended for the exclusive use of the addressee(s) and may contain proprietary, confidential or privileged information. If you are not the intended recipient, you should not disseminate, distribute or copy this e-mail. Please notify the sender immediately and destroy all copies of this message and any attachments. WARNING: Computer viruses can be transmitted via email. The recipient should check this email and any attachments for the presence of viruses. The company accepts no liability for any damage caused by any virus transmitted by this email. www.wipro.com From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Mon Feb 4 12:15:56 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 18:15:56 +0100 Subject: NFS server in Solaris zone Message-ID: Hi all, is that possible at all. I followed the usual approach pico /etc/dfs/dfstab svcadm disable network/nfs/server svcadm enable network/nfs/server svcs -l network/nfs/server and get -bash-3.00# svcs -l network/nfs/server fmri svc:/network/nfs/server:default name NFS server enabled false (temporary) state online next_state disabled state_time Mon Feb 04 18:10:25 2008 logfile /var/svc/log/network-nfs-server:default.log restarter svc:/system/svc/restarter:default contract_id 383 dependency require_any/error svc:/milestone/network (online) dependency require_all/error svc:/network/nfs/nlockmgr (online) dependency optional_all/error svc:/network/nfs/mapid (online) dependency require_all/restart svc:/network/rpc/bind (online) dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/rpc/keyserv (disabled) dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/rpc/gss (online) dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/shares/group (multiple) dependency require_all/error svc:/system/filesystem/local (online) When I try to mount from a client I get mount_nfs -T dev-X2200:/src /src NFS Portmap: RPC: Program not registered Does NFS server only work inthe global zone or have I done anything wrong. Thanks, Andreas From ahoesch at smartsoft.de Mon Feb 4 12:25:52 2008 From: ahoesch at smartsoft.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_H=F6schler?=) Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2008 18:25:52 +0100 Subject: Summary: NFS server in Solaris zone In-Reply-To: Message-ID: <3BE8DF29-D346-11DC-9C50-000393CA0072@smartsoft.de> Hi all, NFS server works in the global zone only! "Pedro Espinoza" suggested to share /zonepath/root/local_fs from the global zone instead. I will try to get along without nfs in this case. Thanks, Andreas >> is that possible at all. I followed the usual approach >> >> pico /etc/dfs/dfstab >> svcadm disable network/nfs/server >> svcadm enable network/nfs/server >> svcs -l network/nfs/server >> >> and get >> >> -bash-3.00# svcs -l network/nfs/server >> fmri svc:/network/nfs/server:default >> name NFS server >> enabled false (temporary) >> state online >> next_state disabled >> state_time Mon Feb 04 18:10:25 2008 >> logfile /var/svc/log/network-nfs-server:default.log >> restarter svc:/system/svc/restarter:default >> contract_id 383 >> dependency require_any/error svc:/milestone/network (online) >> dependency require_all/error svc:/network/nfs/nlockmgr (online) >> dependency optional_all/error svc:/network/nfs/mapid (online) >> dependency require_all/restart svc:/network/rpc/bind (online) >> dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/rpc/keyserv (disabled) >> dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/rpc/gss (online) >> dependency optional_all/none svc:/network/shares/group (multiple) >> dependency require_all/error svc:/system/filesystem/local (online) From deta at pcmuhely.hu Mon Feb 4 15:21:34 2008 From: deta at pcmuhely.hu (deta) Date: Mon, 04 Feb 2008 21:21:34 +0100 Subject: munin package Message-ID: <47A773CE.1070702@pcmuhely.hu> Hi solarismanagers, I want to use munin on a Solaris 10/x86. The easy way for me would be download a package and install with pkgadd, but I can't found this on the related sites, so i should compile... I googled on it, but no relevant hit. Who knows any site for download munin (node and server) package? Thanks a lot! Any help is appreciated. From jesse-carroll at usa.net Mon Feb 4 16:40:52 2008 From: jesse-carroll at usa.net (JESSE CARROLL) Date: Mon, 04 Feb 2008 16:40:52 -0500 Subject: Summary: newfs with "-m 0" Message-ID: <687mBDVn14270S07.1202161252@cmsweb07.cms.usa.net> I got three responses, two which said no to "-m 0" and one self declared essentially anonymous moderator (in an explicitly unmoderated forum) who seemed to think that newfs is not a Solaris issue or is covered in the FAQ some where (it isn't). The two answers where short on technical details but supported my view that minimum free of 0 is a bad idea. JC ------ Original Message ------ Received: Mon, 04 Feb 2008 11:41:57 AM EST From: "JESSE CARROLL" To: Subject: newfs with "-m 0" All, A colleague and I have been having a discussion about using the newfs b-mb option (AKA make_ufs bo free). In the past (on at least HPUX) using b-m 0b could lead to rather interesting results if the file system really goes to 100%. I was told (more years ago than I want to think about) that b-m 1b is the lowest you should use. Using b-m 0b does create a bit larger file system. What is a best practice for this? JC From ksonmez at oytek.com.tr Tue Feb 5 01:57:11 2008 From: ksonmez at oytek.com.tr (Koray Sonmez) Date: Tue, 5 Feb 2008 08:57:11 +0200 Subject: SUMMARY: C compiler for Solaris 10 In-Reply-To: <64879e520802041334l4a652aes9712adb7f32ef8a2@mail.gmail.com> References: <60721B67EAF0994EAFFB561767B700140256558E@nets13ha.ww300.siemens.net> <96E68311E829E147865DC064BE1346CF954F94@oytexc01.oytek.com.tr> <64879e520802041334l4a652aes9712adb7f32ef8a2@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <96E68311E829E147865DC064BE1346CF954FA1@oytexc01.oytek.com.tr> Thanks everyone who replied. I have a couple of choices. 1. Use Sun's compilers free of charge with Sun Studio 12: http://developers.sun.com/sunstudio/downloads/index.jsp 2. Get the gcc binary packages from a third party site like Sunfreeware or Blastwave: http://www.sunfreeware.com/ http://www.blastwave.org/ regards, koray Bu e-mail'in tum icerigi gonderenin kisisel tasarrufu ile olusturulmus ve gonderilmistir. 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